Why so much unrest in early years

Question 1

Why Henry lacked support

Answer 1

-Gained throne by winning Battle of Bosworth (nobles who didn’t like RIII stayed neutral as still didn’t support H)

-Illegitimate claim through his mother (Magaret of Beaufort)

-Years of exile in France= largely unknown

=Likely to be challenged by Yorkists claimants

Question 2

How secured position

Answer 2

-Dated start of reign day before Bosworth= anyone who fought against were traitors and could seize their estates🤑

-Coronated before Parliament met so couldn’t be said P made him King

-Asked for papal dispensation to marry Elizabeth of York and unite houses of Lancaster/York
👇
After coronation so also couldn’t say was crowned because of wife

Question 3

When was coronation

Answer 3

30th October 1485

Question 4

When was marriage

Answer 4

Jan 1486

Question 5

Why still not secure after steps taken to secure at start of reign

Answer 5

-Wars of Roses had killed some claimants but still some out and around
-Most important= RIII nephews Edward Earl of Warwick/John de la Pole Earl of Lincoln

Question 6

How dealt with RIII’s nephews

Answer 6

Warwick to tower

Lincoln professed loyalty= invited to join King’s council

Question 7

How dealt with other Yorkists

Answer 7

-Some given second chance
-Earl of Surrey imprisoned until 1489
-Duke of Northumberland released 1485/allowed old position in control of North

However STILL threats

Question 8

Henry advantages

Answer 8

-Country weary of war= would support any king who offered stability/peace

-Replacing unpopular/dead King

-Unlike Edward IV not dependant on powerful noble to make King= not beholden to another noble family

Question 9

Lovell conspiracy

Answer 9

Rebellion in Midlands and North from Yorkists Lord Lovell/Stafford brothers as King embarked on royal progress to Yorkist North

Failed as Henry found out= armed forces offered pardon of excommunication and death

Lovell fled/Staffords sought sanctuary

Question 10

Consequences of lovell conspiracy

Answer 10

Staffords arrested= Humphrey executed but Thomas pardoned/remained loyal

Question 11

Rebellion in Wales

Answer 11

By Yorkist fams Herberts/Vaughans= put down by Rhys ap Thomas

Question 12

How serious was Lovell conspiracy/rebellion in Wales

Answer 12

Not serious as neither prevented the royal progress that helped Henry win loyalty and obedience

Question 13

Cause of Yorkshire rebellion

Answer 13

-Taxes to aid Brittany against France
-Parliament gave subsidy of £100,000 but very little raised

-Yorkshire resented as had had bad harvest 1488
-Northern counties exempted
-Less concerned about French invasion than Southern counties

Shows the localism rather than national feeling that affected policies at this time

Question 13

Cause of Yorkshire rebellion

Answer 13

-Taxes to aid Brittany against France
-Parliament gave subsidy of £100,000 but very little raised

-Yorkshire resented as had had bad harvest 1488
-Northern counties exempted
-Less concerned about French invasion than Southern counties

Shows the localism rather than national feeling that affected policies at this time

Question 14

Course of Yorkshire rebellion

Answer 14

Earl of Northumberland murdered when tried to collect tax

Could also have been Yorkist rebellion as led by Sir John Egremont: Yorkist/member of Percy family

Question 15

Result of Yorkshire rebellion

Answer 15

Easily crushed by royal army but money not collected
-Showed ruling North required compromise as royal authority weak

=Henry appointed Earl of Surrey as representative of North as no interest there/loyal

Question 16

Cause of Cornish rebellion

Answer 16

Same as Yorkshire as Henry needed money to prevent Scottish invasion

Cornwall not interested as far away from Scotland

Question 17

Course of Cornish rebellion

Answer 17

-Started in Bodmin May 1497
-Attracted 15,000 supporters (shows tax very unpopular/some cross-class support among minor gentry and 1 noble)
-Reached London and said complaints against tax counsellors not King

Question 18

Consequences of Cornish rebellion

Answer 18

-Easily crushed by royal army June 1497
-Not serious threat as only reached London since Henry distracted by Warbeck but leaders executed/tortured/heavilly fined

Showed 12 years into reign Henry loyalty still limited