Why Care About Paeds?

Question 1

What are the 4 paediatric age categories?

Answer 1

neonate
infant
child
adolescent

Question 2

What defines a neonate?

Answer 2

term neonate: 37-42 weeks gestational age
preterm: less than 37 weeks gestational age

Question 3

What are the different categories of preterm neonates?

Answer 3

extremely preterm: less than 28 weeks
very preterm: 28-32 weeks
moderate to late preterm: 32-37 weeks

Question 4

What is gestational age?

Answer 4

first day of last period to birth

Question 5

What is chronological age?

Answer 5

the time elapsed after birth
-the response to “how old are you?”
-described in days, weeks, and/or years
-also called post natal age (PNA)

Question 6

Why do the paediatric age categories matter?

Answer 6

provides us with info about in-utero development and potential neonatal complications
neonatal dosing references will use these terms

Question 7

What defines an infant?

Answer 7

1 month to 1 year of age

Question 8

What defines a child?

Answer 8

1 year through 12 years

Question 9

What are the 3 developmental periods?

Answer 9

toddler: 1-3 years of age
preschool: 3-5 years of age
gradeschooler: 5-12 years of age

Question 10

What defines an adolescent?

Answer 10

12-18 years of age

Question 11

What is the age cutoff for admission to JPCH?

Answer 11

JPCH does not admit patients that are 17 years of age and older

Question 12

What are some examples of Wellness Programs in SK?

Answer 12

newborn screening
postpartum visits
newborn hearing screens
specialized clinics
immunization programs

Question 13

What is the role of newborn screening?

Answer 13

tests for congenital disorders
-32 metabolic and endocrine disorders
routine care for all neonates born in SK

Question 14

When and how is newborn screening conducted?

Answer 14

completed after 24 hours of age
completed by a blood test (heel poke and dry blood spot card)

Question 15

Does a positive screen during newborn screening always signify that the baby has x disorder?

Answer 15

a positive screen does not mean a baby has the disorder
-further testing required

Question 16

Explain the postpartum visiting program.

Answer 16

support and follow-up care at home after the birth of a baby (typically via nurse)
during first 10-14 days of life
assess mothers recovery, babys health and weight
provide support with feeding
answer questions
refer and connect to community services

Question 17

Explain newborn hearing screens.

Answer 17

hearing test about 12-16 hours after birth
usually performed in hospital before discharge
helps identify early hearing loss and how to address it

Question 18

What are developmental milestones?

Answer 18

reaching milestones in how children play, learn, speak, act and move

Question 19

What percentage of Canadian children and youth have used at least one prescription in the last month?

Answer 19

25%
9% aged 3-19 yrs used 2 or more medications

Question 20

Why can medications have different effects in children?

Answer 20

their brains are still developing
same disease state in adults can present differently in children and youth
different PK in children

Question 21

How are many drugs used in children?

Answer 21

off-label
drugs tend to be less studied for children, adult data is often extrapolated

Question 22

What are the objectives of Health Canada’s Paediatric Drug Action Plan?

Answer 22

ensure Canadian children and youth have access to the medicine they need
development of age appropriate formulations
provide more info to Canadians on paediatric activities and data
modernization of clinical trial regulations

Question 23

What are the 4 developmental skills?

Answer 23

language
dressing
fine motor
grooming

Question 24

What are the main developmental areas?

Answer 24

physical
emotional
social
spiritual
intellectual
adaptive

Question 25

What does the success of a child’s therapy usually rely on?

Answer 25

a caregiver

Question 26

What is Jordan’s Principle?

Answer 26

all First Nation children living in Canada can access the products, services, and supports they need, when they need them

Question 27

What are the most common DTP’s in paeds?

Answer 27

dose too low
dose too high
adverse drug reaction
adherence