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Chemistry Nat 5 > Whole Year Flashcards > Flashcards

Whole Year Flashcards

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1
Q

name 3 fossil fuels

A

oil, gas, coal

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2
Q

name 3 renewable energies

A

wind, solar, hydro

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3
Q

what is an advantage of fossil fuels?

A

huge amounts of energy is produced

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4
Q

what is an advantage of renewable energy?

A

better for the enviroment

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5
Q

what is a disadvantage of fossil fuels?

A

releases greenhouse gases

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6
Q

what is a disadvantage of renewable energy

A

expensive to set up

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7
Q

if carbon dioxide gas is present..

A

The limewater will turn cloudy

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8
Q

if oxygen gas is present..

A

a glowing spint will relight

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9
Q

if hydrogen gas is present

A

a lit splint will produce a squeeky pop sound.

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10
Q

why is burning fossil fuels bad for the enviroment

A

burning fossil fuels releases green house gases into the atmosphere, resulting in climate change.

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11
Q

what is complete combustion

A

when there is a plentiful supply of oxygen. there will be a blue flame and CO2 + H2O will be produced

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12
Q

what is incomplete combustion

A

when there is a limited supply of oxygen. there will be an orangey red flame produced along with CO+C+H2O

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13
Q

write a balanced formula equation for complete combustion of propane (C3H8)

A

C3 H8 5O2 —-> 3CO2 + 4H2 4O

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14
Q

what does exothermic mean?

A

the temperature of the reaction increases

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15
Q

What is the homologous series?

A

a family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties

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16
Q

what is a hydrocarbon?

A

compounds containing hydrogen and carbon only.

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17
Q

state the prefix for the number 1

A

Meth

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18
Q

state the prefix for the number 2

A

Eth

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19
Q

state the prefix for the number 3

A

Prop

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20
Q

state the prefix for the number 4

A

But

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21
Q

state the prefix for the number 5

A

Pent

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22
Q

state the prefix for the number 6

A

Hex

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23
Q

state the prefix for the number 7

A

Hept

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24
Q

state the prefix for the number 8

A

Oct

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25
Q

State Alkanes end name, showing an example along with it

A

-ane, eg. pentane

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26
Q

State Cycloalkanes end name, showing an example along with it

A

cyclo - ane, eg. cyclopentane

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27
Q

State a Alkenes end name, showing an example along with it

A

-ene, eg. Pentene

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28
Q

what is an alkane with 4 carbons

A

Butane

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29
Q

what is a cycloalkane with 3 carbons

A

cyclopropane

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30
Q

what is an alkene with 8 carbons

A

octene

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31
Q

what is a general formula for?

A

allows you to work out the number of each element in a molecular ratio

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32
Q

how is general formula used in terms of hydrocarbons?

A

used as a way of representing the ratio of atoms in a hydrocarbon

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33
Q

what is the general formula for cycloalkanes?

A

Cn H2n

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34
Q

what is the general formula for alkenes?

A

Cn H2n

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35
Q

what is the general formula for alkanes

A

Cn H2n + 2

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36
Q

write the general formula for an Alkane with 2 carbons

A

C2 H6

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37
Q

write the general formula for a cycloalkane with 8 carbons

A

C8 H16

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38
Q

write the general formula for a alkene with 7 carbons

A

C7 H14

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39
Q

write the molecular formula for Methane

A

CH4

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40
Q

write the molecular formula for cyclopropane

A

C3 H6

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41
Q

write the molecular formula for Butene

A

C4 H8

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42
Q

write the full structural formula for Methane

A

diagram

43
Q

write the full structural formula for cyclopropane

A

diagram

44
Q

write the full structural formula for butene

A

diagram

45
Q

write the shortened structural formula for methane

A

diagram

46
Q

write the shortened structural formula for cyclopropane

A

diagram

47
Q

write the shortened structural formula for Butene

A

diagram

48
Q

what is a saturated hydrocarbon

A

all carbon atoms are bonded with single covalent bonds

49
Q

which homologous series is saturated

A

alkane and cycloalkane

50
Q

which homologous series is unsaturated

A

alkene

51
Q

put the prefixes in order, smallest to largest

A

meth,eth,prop,but,pent,hex,hept,oct

52
Q

What is an Isomer

A

Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

53
Q

Draw 2-Methyl butane

A

diagram

54
Q

Draw 2,2 di Methyl Propane

A

diagram

55
Q

draw 3-Ethyl pentane

A

diagram

56
Q

draw 4-Ethyl -3,5di Methyl heptane

A

diagram

57
Q

draw Bute-2-ene

A

diagram

58
Q

draw pent-2-ene

A

diagram

59
Q

draw 4-Methyl-pent-1-ene

A

diagram

60
Q

draw 6-Methyl-hept-2-ene

A

diagram

61
Q

which homologous series turns bromine water clear

A

Alkene

62
Q

write a conclusion for the test for unsaturation

A

in conclusion, the hydrocarbon that was unsaturated (cyclohexene) turned the bromine water clear

63
Q

why do alkenes turn bromine water clear

A

when bromine comes into contact with all alkene molecules, the bromine breaks the double bond and attaches itself to the alkene molecule. Bromine will now no longer be in its elemental form so it cannot be seen as its distinctive orange colour.

64
Q

draw a diagram for the reaction between Alkene + Bromine

A

diagram

65
Q

draw a diagram for the reaction between Alkane + Bromine

A

diagram

66
Q

What is an addition reaction

A

an addition reaction happens when 2 reactants react together to form one product

67
Q

what is the 4 addition reactions

A

Halogentation, Hydrogenation, Hydration, Other

68
Q

what is Halogenation

A

adding H2

69
Q

what is Hydrogenation

A

adding one of the halogens 9e.g Br2)

70
Q

what is Hydration

A

Adding H20

71
Q

what is other

A

adding HBr, Hcl,HF,HI

72
Q

Draw a diagram for Halogenation

A

diagram

73
Q

Draw a diagram for Hydration

A

diagram

74
Q

Draw a diagram for Hydrogenation

A

diagram

75
Q

Draw a diagram for Other

A

diagram

76
Q

is the homologous series soluable?

A

No

77
Q

what is the pattern for the homologous series and the mp/bp?

A

as the C+H increase, so does mp/bp

78
Q

Why does the mp/bp increase with the carbon chain?

A

As the carbon chain gets longer, there are more electrons in a molecule. This means that there are more stronger intermolecular forces between the molecules. As a result, it takes more energy to break these forces and thus the melting and boiling points increase.

79
Q

What is the use for Alkane

A

Fuels since they burn easily

80
Q

What is the use for Cycloalkanes

A

Fuels and solvents

81
Q

What is the use for Alkenes

A

Alcohols and polymers

82
Q

Draw Methanol

A

diagram

83
Q

Draw Ethanol

A

diagram

84
Q

Draw Propanol

A

diagram

85
Q

what is the general formula for alcohols?

A

CnH2n+1 OH

86
Q

Are alcohols saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

87
Q

What is the function group called for alkenes

A

Hydroxyl

88
Q

Draw Propan -1 -ol

A

Diagram

89
Q

Draw propan - 2- ol

A

diagram

90
Q

Draw 5-Methyl heptan - 1 - ol

A

diagram

91
Q

what is the use of alcohol

A

fuels and solvents

92
Q

is alcohol soluable?

A

methanol, ethanol, propanol are soluable in water, there after the solubility decreases as the size increases

93
Q

does alcohol mp/bp?

A

as alcohols increases in size their melting and boiling point increases due to the increasing strength of the e=intermolecular forces. these intermolecular forces require more energy to overcome.

94
Q

what product is made when you react pentene with hydrogen

A

pentane

95
Q

what do you need to add to an alkene to make alcohol

A

Water

96
Q

what would the starting alkene be if you made bromopropane

A

propene

97
Q

which type if addition reaction is the test for unsaturation

A

halogenation

98
Q

what do you make if you add water to octene

A

octanol

99
Q

what would you make if you removed hydrogen from pentane

A

pentene

100
Q

what would the name of the product be if you added bromine to but -2-ene

A

2,3-dibromobutane

101
Q

what has to happen to the alkene for an addition reaction to occur

A

the double bond needs to break

102
Q

Draw and name an isomer of pentan-2-ol

A

diagram

103
Q

write the molecular formula for hexanol

A

C6H13OH

104
Q

Draw 2,3-dimethyl penton-1-ol

A

diagram

Chemistry Nat 5 (2 decks)

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