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Chemistry Nat 5 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is complete combustion and its equation.

A

When a plentiful amount of oxygen is present. CO2+H2O

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2
Q

what is incomplete combustion and its equation.

A

When a limited supply of oxygen is present. CO+C+H2O

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3
Q

write a balanced formula equation for complete combusiton of Propane (C3H8)

A

Diagram.

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4
Q

what is a homologous series

A

a family of compounds with same general formula and different chemical properties

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5
Q

what is a hydrocarbon

A

compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon

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6
Q

write the prefixes, smallest to largest.

A

meth,eth,prop,but,pent,hex,hept,oct

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7
Q

name an Alkane with 4 carbons

A

Butane

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8
Q

name a cycloalkane with 3 carbons

A

cyclopropane

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9
Q

name an alkene with 8 carbons

A

Octene

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10
Q

what is a general formula for

A

to represent the ratio of atoms in a hydrocarbon

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11
Q

what is the general formula for Alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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12
Q

what is the general formula for Alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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13
Q

what is the general formula for Cycloalkanes

A

CnH2n

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14
Q

write the molecular formula for an alkane with 2 carbons

A

C2H6

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15
Q

write the molecular formula for
a cycloalkane with 8 carbons

A

C8H16

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16
Q

write the molecular formula for
a alkene with 6 carbons

A

C6H12

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17
Q

write the molecular formula for methane, propane and hexane

A

CH4, C3H8,C6H14

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18
Q

draw the full structural formula for methane,propane and hexane

A

diagrams

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19
Q

draw the shortened structural formula for methane,propane and hexane

A

CH4, CH3,CH2,CH3, CH3,CH2,CH2,CH2,CH2,CH3

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20
Q

write the molecular formula for cyclopropane,cyclopentane,cycloheptane

A

check jotter

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21
Q

write the full structural formula for cyclopropane, cyclopentane and cycloheptane

A

check jotter

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22
Q

write the short structural formula for cyclopropane, cyclopentane and cycloheptane

A

jotter

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23
Q

write the molecular formula for ethene,butene,hexene

A

jotter

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24
Q

write the full structural formula for ethene,butene,hexene

A

jotter

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25
Q

write the shortened structural formula for ethene, butene, hexene

A

jotter

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26
Q

what is a saturated hydrocarbon

A

when carbon atoms are bonded with single covalent bonds and each carbon atom is bonded directly to four other atoms

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27
Q

what is a unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

where there is at least one double bond in its carbon chain

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28
Q

what is an Isomer

A

molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

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29
Q

draw 2-Methyl butane

A

jotter

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30
Q

draw 2,2 diMethyl butane

31
Q

draw 3-Ethyl pentane

32
Q

draw 4-ethyl -3,5 dimethyl heptane

33
Q

draw but-2-ene

34
Q

draw hex-3-ene

35
Q

draw 4-methyl pent-1-ene

36
Q

draw 6-methyl hept-2-ene

37
Q

what is the test for unsaturation

A

a test using bromine to find out if a hydrocarbon contains a double bond. there is a yellow to colourless change (diagram)

38
Q

what is an addition reaction

A

when 2 reactants combine to form one product

39
Q

what product is made when you react pentene with hydrogen

40
Q

name the 4 types of addition reactions

A

hydrogenation,halogenation,Other,Hydration

41
Q

draw an example of hydrogenation

42
Q

draw an example of halogenation

43
Q

draw an example of hydration

44
Q

draw an example of other

45
Q

are any of the homologous series soluable?

46
Q

what is the pattern for the mp/bp of the homologous series?

A

as the C+H increase, so does the mp/bp

47
Q

Why does the mp.bp increase along with the amount of carbons ?

A

as the carbon chain gets longer, there are more electrons in a molecule. This means that there are more stronger intermolecular forces between the molecules. As a result, it takes more energy to break these forces and thus the melting and boiling points increase

48
Q

What are the uses of alkanes?

49
Q

What are the uses of alkenes

A

alcohols and polymers

50
Q

What are the uses of cycloalkanes

A

fuels and solvents

51
Q

draw the structural and molecular formula for methanol

52
Q

draw the structural and molecular formula for ethanol

53
Q

draw the structural and molecular formula for propanol

54
Q

what is the general formula for alcohols

55
Q

are alcohols saturated or unsaturated?

56
Q

what is the alcohols group?

57
Q

draw propan-2-ol

58
Q

draw 5-methyl heptan -1-ol

59
Q

what are alcohols used for?

A

fuels and solvents

60
Q

is alcohol soluable

A

methanol,ethanol(vinegar) and propanol are miscible in water, after this the solubility decreases as size increases.

61
Q

what is the trend in mp/bp when it comes to alcohols?

A

as alcohols increase in size their mp/bp also increase due to the increasing strength of the intermolecular forces, these intermolecular forces require more energy to overcome.

62
Q

what is combustion?

A

a reaction where a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen

63
Q

draw methanoic acid and write molecular formula

64
Q

draw ethanoic acid and write molecular formula

65
Q

draw propanoic acid and write molecular formula

66
Q

are carboxylic acids saturated? if so, why?

A

yes since there are no carbon to carbon bonds

67
Q

draw 2,4 dimethyl hexanoic acid

68
Q

draw butanoic acid

69
Q

what is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

A

CnH2n+1COOH

70
Q

what is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

71
Q

true or false, COOH is always on carbon 1

72
Q

why do we use carboxylic acids?

A

preserve things,soaps and medicines. Ethanoic acid (vinegar) is edible and used in household cleaning products

73
Q

are carboxylic acids soluable?

A

methanoic acid, ethanoic acid,propanoic and butanoic acids are soluable, after this, solubility decreases as the size increases

74
Q

what is the trend of the mp/bp when it comes to carboxylic acids?

A

as the acids increase in size, the mp/bp increases due to strength of intermolecular forces.

Chemistry Nat 5 (2 decks)

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