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British Empire 1947-67 > Whole empire > Flashcards

Whole empire Flashcards

1
Q

Reasons for decolonisation

A
  • The economic impact of WW2
  • international pressure
  • nationalist movements
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2
Q

What problem did the British face in Malaya?

A

ethnic tensions between the Malay people, Chinese and Indians

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3
Q

When was the Federation of Malaysia established?

A

1948

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4
Q

Why was the Federation of Malaysia established?

A

Britain feared a violent military rebellion

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5
Q

The role of the colonial administrator in the 1950s

A
  • keep order
  • balance budgets
  • modernise economies
  • increase colonial production
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6
Q

Who delivered the ‘wind of change’ speech?

A

PM Harold Macmillan

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7
Q

What speech did PM Harold Macmillan deliver?

A

The ‘wind of change’ speech

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8
Q

When did Macmillan deliver the ‘wind of change’ speech?

A

1960

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9
Q

What did Macmillan announce in his ‘wind of change’ speech?

A

Britain would grant independence to its African territories

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10
Q

What was the US’s attitude towards the empire?

A

Opposed it, but was allowed Britain to re-take its colonies after the war to prevent the spread of communism

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11
Q

Britain’s hold over its empire was limited by what?

A

Financial and military dependence on the USA

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12
Q

Example of when Britain was financially dependent on the US

A

received money from the Marshall plan to rebuild its economy

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13
Q

Example of when the US limited Britain financially

A

forced Britain to end their invasion of Egypt in 1956

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14
Q

Example of Britain relying on the US militarily

A

Relied on NATO and the US’s nuclear weapons

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15
Q

Who looked to the US rather than Britain for defence?

A

Dominions

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16
Q

Britain saw the Commonwealth as what?

A

A less expensive way of protecting Britain’s economic interests and influence

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17
Q

Why did the rules for Commonwealth membership change?

A

India became a republic

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18
Q

What rule changed about Commonwealth membership?

A

Membership broadened to allow republics

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19
Q

What was the Commonwealth?

A

A body of states that shared British values of democracy and human rights

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20
Q

What was British colonial policy mainly concerned with?

A

maximising the empire’s economic value and ensuring its loyalty

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21
Q

What did Britain establish for non-EEC members?

A

European Free Trade Association

22
Q

When did Britain join the European Economic Community?

A

1973

23
Q

Why did Britain establish the European Free Trade Association?

A

Imperial preference

24
Q

Britain spending more on imports than it was gaining from exports led to what?

A

Sterling devaluation of 1967

25
Q

The Sterling devaluation was a result of what?

A

Britain spending more on imports than it was gaining from exports

26
Q

When was the Sterling devaluation?

A

1967

27
Q

What did the Sterling devaluation destroy?

A

The Sterling Area

28
Q

Britain continued to expand agricultural production and promote new technology under what Acts?

A

Colonial Developments and Welfare Acts of 1940 and 1945

29
Q

How did Britain ameliorate the embarrassment from withdrawal?

A

proclaimed its pride about creating new states

30
Q

How did Britain maintain its political ties with the Commonwealth?

A
  • regular Commonwealth Conferences every 2 years
  • major Commonwealth Economic Conference in 1952
  • Commonwealth visits by the Queen
  • Commonwealth Games
31
Q

What Act was passed in 1948?

A

British Nationality Act 1948

32
Q

When was the British Nationality Act passed?

A

1948

33
Q

What did the British Nationality Act do?

A

gave full citizenship, including the right of free entry into Britain, to every inhabitant of the empire and Commonwealth

34
Q

Why was there concern over increased immigration from the Commonwealth and the empire to Britain?

A

They were believed to be a threat to the culture and employment opportunities of the British

35
Q

Why was immigration welcomed by businesses in Britain?

A

Shortage of workers

36
Q

Examples of opposition to immigration

A
  • riots in Nottingham and London
  • Union Movement established
  • Conservative politicians proposed racist policies and slogans to generate support
37
Q

What did a 1962 survey suggest about British attitudes to immigration?

A

Most wanted limitations on immigration

38
Q

Example of assimilation of culture in Britain

A

Notting Hill Carnival

39
Q

What was the Notting Hill Carnival?

A

Festival involving Caribbean music and food

40
Q

What Act was introduced in 1962?

A

Commonwealth Immigrants Act

41
Q

When was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act introduced?

A

1962

42
Q

What did the Commonwealth Immigrants Act do?

A
  • ended free immigration from the Commonwealth
  • introduced a work permit scheme
43
Q

Effect of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act

A
  • wide public support
  • non-white immigrants found it difficult to obtain permits
44
Q

What act was introduced in 1965?

A

Race Relations Act 1965

45
Q

When was the Race Relations Act introduced?

A

1965

46
Q

What did the Race Relations Act 1965 do?

A

banned racial discrimination in public places

47
Q

Why was the Race Relations Act 1965 limited?

A

Did not ban discrimination in housing and employment

48
Q

Examples of the lasting impact of the empire

A
  • Union Jack remained in the corner of flags in countries such as NZ and South Africa
  • Anglican Church had more members in Africa than Britain
  • Incorporation of Indian and African words into the English language
49
Q

Why was there a decline of patriotism post-war?

A
  • decolonisation
  • economic decline
50
Q

The focus of entertainment changed from patriotism and colonisation to what?

A

Awareness of other countries and cultures

51
Q

What factors stimulated the growth of nationalist movements?

A
  • lack of job opportunities
  • ethnic and religious divisions

British Empire 1947-67 (3 decks)

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