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British Empire 1947-67 > Africa > Flashcards

Africa Flashcards

1
Q

Post-war imperial policy focused on what?

A

The development of African colonies

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2
Q

Why was there a focus on the development of African colonies?

A

To aid the recovery of Britain’s economy

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3
Q

What was created to show that there was a focus on the development of African colonies?

A

Colonial Development Corporation

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4
Q

What did Britain want change to be?

A
  • gradual
  • not at the cost of British economic and political interests
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5
Q

What did the Macpherson Constitution do?

A
  • extended suffrage
  • stimulated the growth of Nigerian political parties
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6
Q

What constitution was introduced in Nigeria?

A

Macpherson Constitution

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7
Q

Where was the Macpherson Constitution introduced?

A

Nigeria

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8
Q

When was the Macpherson Constitution introduced?

A

1951

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9
Q

What did the 3 assemblies do in Nigeria?

A
  • debated local matters
  • advised the British governors in their regions
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10
Q

Who was power transferred to when the British withdrew from the Gold Coast?

A

CPP

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11
Q

What did the legislative council do in Nigeria?

A

Discussed issues affecting the whole country

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12
Q

What did the British do in Nigeria?

A
  • expanded the Legislative Council
  • established 3 assemblies for each of its major 3 regions
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13
Q

Who was power transferred to when the British withdrew from the Gold Coast?

A

CPP

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14
Q

What did the Convention People’s Party do?

A

Pressured British administration to grant self-government

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15
Q

What Party was founded in The Gold Coast?

A

The Convention People’s Party (CPP)

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16
Q

When was the Convention People’s Party founded?

A

1949

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17
Q

When did Sierra Leone become independent?

A

1961

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18
Q

What country became independent in 1961?

A
  • Sierra Leone
  • Tanganyika
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19
Q

When did Gambia become independent?

A

1965

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20
Q

What country became independent in 1965?

A

Gambia

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21
Q

What scheme fuelled nationalist movements?

A

Tanganyika groundnut scheme

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22
Q

When was the Tanganyika groundnut scheme?

A

1946-51

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23
Q

What was the Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme?

A

A failed, expensive attempt to grow groundnuts on unsuitable terrain

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24
Q

When was the Mau Mau uprising?

A

1952-6

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25
Q

Where was the Mau Mau uprising?

A

East Africa

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26
Q

What uprising occurred 1952-6?

A

Mau Mau Uprising

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27
Q

When was Tanganyika granted independence?

A

1961

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28
Q

What country was granted independence in 1962?

A

Uganda

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29
Q

When was Uganda granted independence?

A

1962

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30
Q

When was Kenya granted independence?

A

1963

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31
Q

What country was granted independence in 1963?

A

Kenya

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32
Q

How many Kenyans were forcibly placed into detention camps?

A

Over 1 million

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33
Q

Why were Kenyans placed into detention camps?

A

suspected of being associated with extreme nationalist groups

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34
Q

The white minority had exercised full control over what in South Africa since 1931?

A

Internal affairs

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35
Q

The white minority had exercised full control over the internal affairs of where since 1931?

A

South Africa

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36
Q

Who implemented the apartheid in South Africa?

A

Afrikaner Nationalist Party

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37
Q

The white minority had exercised full control over South Africa’s internal affairs since when?

A

1931

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38
Q

What did the Afrikaner Nationalist Party implement?

A

Apartheid

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39
Q

When did the Afrikaner Nationalist Party come to power?

A

1948

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40
Q

Where did the Afrikaner Nationalist Party come to power?

A

South Africa

41
Q

When did South Africa become a republic and leave the Commonwealth?

A

1961

42
Q

Who voted to become a republic and leave the Commonwealth?

A

The South African white population

43
Q

Where became a republic and left the commonwealth in 1961?

A

South Africa

44
Q

The Central African Federation included what 3 territories?

A
  • Northern Rhodesia
  • Southern Rhodesia
  • Nyasaland
45
Q

What did the CAF’s constitution include?

A
  • protection of African rights
  • discriminatory legislation against Africans could be vetoed by Britain
46
Q

What was created for Southern and Northern Rhodesia, and Nyasaland?

A

Central African Federation

47
Q

Why did nationalist movements still emerge after the introduction of the CAF?

A

Africans were suspicious of British intentions

48
Q

How did Britain respond to the emergence of nationalist movements in the CAF?

A

arrested nationalist leaders

49
Q

When was the Central African Federation dissolved?

A

1963

50
Q

What did the British do in the CAF 1960-61?

A
  • released nationalist leaders
  • created new constitutions which allowed for majority rule and independence
51
Q

When did Northern Rhodesia gain independence?

A

1964

52
Q

When did Nyasaland gain independence?

A

1964

53
Q

What countries gained independence in 1964?

A
  • Northern Rhodesia
  • Nyasaland
54
Q

When did Southern Rhodesia become a republic?

A

1969

55
Q

What country became a republic in 1969?

A

Southern Rhodesia

56
Q

Why was there a guerrilla war between white rulers and African nationalists after Southern Rhodesia became a republic?

A

White settlers didn’t want the black population to rule

57
Q

Who formed the Convention People’s Party?

A

Kwame Nkrumah

58
Q

What did Kwame Nkrumah do?

A
  • founded the CPP
  • founded the Organisation of African Unity
59
Q

Nnamdi Azikiwe was able to persuade the British of what?

A

Their rule was not necessary to avoid ethnic conflict

60
Q

What did Jomo Kenyatta do to earn the independence of Kenya?

A
  • toured Kenya campaigning for independence
  • negotiated with the British
61
Q

Drawbacks of Kenyatta as president of Kenya

A
  • persecuted political opponents
  • favoured the Kikuyu ethnic group over others
62
Q

Which nationalist leader took a similar approach to Jomo Kenyatta?

A

Apollo Milton Obote

63
Q

Where was Apollo Milton Obote leader?

A

Uganda

64
Q

Where was Jomo Kenyatta the leader of?

A

Kenya

65
Q

Under Apollo Milton Obote, many civilians died as a result of what?

A

Civil war

66
Q

What did Nelson Mandela fight for?

A
  • equal rights for black people
  • end of apartheid
67
Q

What did the Defiance Campaign involve?

A
  • boycotts
  • strikes
68
Q

When was the Defiance Campaign?

A

1952

69
Q

Where was the Defiance Campaign?

A

South Africa

70
Q

Who led the Defiance Campaign?

A

Nelson Mandela

71
Q

What did Nelson Mandela establish?

A

South Africa’s first black law firm

72
Q

Who did Nelson Mandela’s law firm represent?

A

disenfranchised black citizens

73
Q

When was Nelson Mandela sentenced to life imprisonment?

A

1964

74
Q

Why was Mandela released from his imprisonment?

A

International campaign in his support

75
Q

How did Britain respond to Mandela’s promotion of nationalism?

A

repeatedly arrested him and his colleagues

76
Q

What political party did Mandela form?

A

African National Congress

77
Q

When was the African National Congress formed?

A

1944

78
Q

What did colonial administrators have to be more aware of?

A

Changes in attitude towards colonialism

79
Q

Who was Andrew Cohen?

A

Governor of Uganda

80
Q

When was Andrew Cohen Governor of Uganda?

A

1952-57

81
Q

What did Cohen do as Governor of Uganda?

A
  • brought Ugandans into government
  • encouraged the development of political parties
  • extended educational opportunities
82
Q

Why did nationalists come into conflict with colonial administrators?

A

They wanted gradual change and the unification of countries, which nationalists believed was a threat to their culture

83
Q

Who was John Macpherson?

A

Governor-General of Nigeria

84
Q

Who was Governor-General of Nigeria?

A

John Macpherson

85
Q

When was John Macpherson Governor-General of Nigeria?

A

1948-55

86
Q

What constitution did Macpherson introduce?

A

Macpherson constitution

87
Q

What did the Macpherson constitution do?

A

Included Nigerians in government for the first time

88
Q

Why was the Macpherson constitution limited?

A
  • Governor-general still had power to veto decisions
  • a new constitution had to be introduced in 1954
89
Q

When was the Macpherson constitution introduced?

A

1951

90
Q

Where was the Macpherson constitution introduced?

A

Nigeria

91
Q

Name of the extremist nationalist group in east Africa

A

Mau Mau

92
Q

What did the extremist activities of the Mau Mau demonstrate to Britain?

A
  • The instability of colonies under a white minority rule
  • they were unequipped to deal with uprisings
93
Q

What did the British do to the Mau Mau or suspected associates?

A
  • killed them
  • placed them in rehabilitation camps where they tortured them to identify more
94
Q

What did the Organisation of African Unity do?

A
  • promoted the unity of African states
  • coordinate the cooperation and efforts to achieve a better quality of life for African people
95
Q

Where was the Sharpeville massacre?

A

South Africa

96
Q

When was the Sharpeville massacre?

A

1960

97
Q

What happened in South Africa in 1960?

A

Sharpeville massacre

98
Q

What was the Sharpeville massacre?

A

Police fired at peaceful protestors, killing 60 and wounding 180

British Empire 1947-67 (3 decks)

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