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Passive Care > Who wants to be a physiotherapist: Easter Edition (CH13) > Flashcards

Who wants to be a physiotherapist: Easter Edition (CH13) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal of NMES?

A

Preserve and recover muscle function in patients and to improve muscle strength in healthy individuals

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2
Q

A subset of NMES dealing with denervated muscles is called?

A

EMS, electrical muscle stimulation, (requires unique equipment)

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3
Q

List three types of current used in NMES.

A

Biphasic pulsed, Russian, Interferential

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4
Q

What are the different types of electrodes used in NMES?

A

Rubber/Carbon, Stainless steal knit fabric, Intravaginal, Intrarectal, Suction (w/ vacuum unit)

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5
Q

How can NMES be used to strengthen muscle?

A

Mimicing volitional contraction or superimposing it over volitional contraction

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6
Q

What is the geometric configuration of a current?

A

Waveform

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7
Q

Current that has only one phase in one polarity/direction?

A

Monophasic

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8
Q

Current that has two phases in two polarities/directions?

A

Biphasic

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9
Q

Ways to describe a biphasic current include:

A

Symmetrical/Asymmetrical, Balanced/unbalanced, Shape

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10
Q

Symmetrical waves are always:

A

Balanced (0 net charge)

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11
Q

A single momentary fluctuation of current.

A

Pulse

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12
Q

A sinusoidal pulse:

A

Cycle

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13
Q

Successive pulses separated by a time of no current:

A

Beat/burst

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14
Q

Ways of describing the length of a pulse or burst time and the time between?

A

Pulse or burst duration; interpulse, interburst duration.

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15
Q

Intereferential current is created how?

A

By constructive and destructive interference of two overlapping sinusoidal waves

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16
Q

If you have one current at 3000 cps/Hz and another at 3050 cps/Hz, in an interferential setup, what is the resultant wave/current’s frequency?

A

50 cps/Hz

17
Q

In premodulated interferential current, where do the currents interact?

A

Within the machine

18
Q

How many poles are used in true interferential current?

A

Four

19
Q

The area affected by true interferential current has what shape?

A

A four-leaf clover

20
Q

How does vector scan interferential current work?

A

One current’s amplitude varies between 50 and 100% of the maximum value to create a larger area of affect

21
Q

Stereodynamic mode of IFC uses how many electrodes? What type effect does this have?

A

6 electrodes, creates a 3 dimensional shape

22
Q

Contrast the spacial recruitment of motor units in Russian current to physiologic contraction.

A

Russian evokes larger motor units first starting with fast twitch, glycolytic fibers. Physiologic is opposite with slow-twitch oxidative fibers recruited first with smaller motor units.

23
Q

T/F Russian stimulation is optimal contraction with slow onset of fatigue.

A

False; This is true of physiologic contraction

24
Q

Of the following statements proposed by Kots, which is supported by literature:

  1. Russian current is painless
  2. Russian current produces greater force than voluntary contraction
  3. Russian current produces lasting gains
A

3.

25
Q

What is IFC useful for?

A

Pain management, possibly gastric motility (limited support)

26
Q

What settings, on Russian stimulation, help mimic physiologic contraction?

A

Ramp up/down time

27
Q

Burst frequency and current amplitude are correlate to what physiologically (with regards to motor unit recruitment)?

A

Frequency - Temporal activation

Amplitude - Spatial activation

28
Q

What is on:off time?

A

The ratio of time when current is on to when it is off

29
Q

What is duty cycle?

A

The percent value of when a current is on (i.e. 16% of the time there is current, or something like that)

30
Q

What is a muscle motor point?

A

The point which offers the least resistance to stimulating a muscle (lowest amp required)

31
Q

What type of Russian stimulation mode sets both channels of electrodes to have the same on and off times?

A

Co-contract/synchronous

32
Q

What type of Russian stimulation has channel one and two alternating on and off time?

A

Reciprocal

33
Q

What areas should NMES not be used on?

A

The anterior cervical area, Over front of thoracic area, The cranial area.

34
Q

What types of conditions should you not use NMES on?

A

Epilepsy, over metal implants, hemorrhagic areas, over cancerous areas, over damaged skin, if a person is confused and unreliable

35
Q

Pregnant women should not have NMES over what areas in the first trimester?

A

Abdominal, pelvic, or lumbar areas

Passive Care (5 decks)

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