WHMIS, naming, and Scientists Flashcards

1
Q

Who suggested that matter was composed of atoms?

A

Democritus and Leucippius.

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2
Q

Democritus and Leucippius.

A

Who suggested that matter was composed of atoms?

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3
Q

10 WHMIS symbols, their names, meanings, and examples.

A

Flame: Flammable: can continue to burn without a source of ignition.

Flame over circle: Oxidizing material. Removes electrons from something. Such as chlorine which can strip electrons off of lungs. Ozone.

Gas cylinder: compressed gas.

Corrosive/Corrosion: a substance that can cause damage to materials or tissues. Bases and acids.

Skull and crossbones: Poisonous and toxic, immediate and serious toxic effects. Hydrogen cyanide.

Health hazard (person with the spiky thing in the middle): May cause serious health effects. Carcinogenic. Asbestos.

Exclamation Mark: Causes less serious health effects or can damage the ozone layer. Such as CFCs, old deodorants and coolers.

Environment (tree and fish): Damages aquatic environments. CuSO4 (copper sulphate).

Exploding bomb: Explosive, rapid release of energy. TNT.

Biohazardous: Transmissible infection with serious health effects. HIV, bodily fluids. Often found on used needle bins.

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4
Q

Who suggested that atoms were different sizes, had regular geometric shapes, and are in constant motion.

A

Plato

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5
Q

Plato

A

Who suggested that atoms were different sizes, had regular geometric shapes, and are in constant motion.

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6
Q

Who believed that Ether was the 5th element.

A

Aristotle, Plato’s pupil.

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7
Q

Aristotle, Plato’s pupil.

A

Who believed that Ether was the 5th element.

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8
Q

Who proposed that atoms were made of solid spheres, all atoms of the same element were identical, atoms combine to form compounds, and that atoms of one element could not be changed into another.

A

John Dalton

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9
Q

John Dalton

A

Who proposed that atoms were made of solid spheres, all atoms of the same element were identical, atoms combine to form compounds, and that atoms of one element could not be changed into another.

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10
Q

Who discovered electrons, and believed they were scattered in an atom like “plumbs in a plumb pudding”.

A

Sir Joseph John Thomson

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11
Q

Sir Joseph John Thomson

A

Who discovered electrons, and believed they were scattered in an atom like “plumbs in a plumb pudding”.

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12
Q

Ernest Rutherford

A

Who discovered that the nucleus existed and protons existed? They used a gold foil experiment.

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13
Q

Who discovered that the nucleus existed and protons existed? They used a gold foil experiment.

A

Ernest Rutherford

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14
Q

Who proposed that electrons existed in different energy levels.

A

Niels Bohr

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15
Q

Niels Bohr

A

Who proposed that electrons existed in different energy levels.

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16
Q

Who discovered the Uncertainty principle? The more accurately we know an electrons speed, the less accurately we know its location and vice versa.

A

Werner Heisenberg

17
Q

Werner Heisenberg

A

Who discovered the Uncertainty principle? The more accurately we know an electrons speed, the less accurately we know its location and vice versa.

18
Q

Who discovered that electrons acted both like a wave and a particle?

A

Louis de Broglie

19
Q

Louis de Broglie

A

Who discovered that electrons acted both like a wave and a particle?

20
Q

Who discovered how to use an electrons energy to calculate it’s likely position?

A

Erwin Schrodinger

21
Q

Erwin Schrodinger

A

Who discovered how to use an electrons energy to calculate it’s likely position?

22
Q

What is an orbital?

A

The area around the nucleus in which an electron is LIKELY to be found. These are not circular orbits. They are defined by a letter and a number.

23
Q

What do the numbers and letters signify for an electron orbital?

A

The numbers signify the energy of the orbital. The letters denote the shape.

24
Q

What principle states that each electron will occupy the lowest energy orbital available?

A

Aufbau Principle

25
Q

What principle states that an atomic orbital can contain a maximum of 2 electrons and they must be of opposite spin?

A

Pauli Exclusion Principle

26
Q

What principle states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spin can occupy the same orbital?

A

Hund’s rule

27
Q

Difference between orbital diagrams and electron configurations.

A

Orbital Diagrams use boxes (or lines) with numbers followed by letters underneath. Up and down arrows represent electrons and their spin in the box or above the line. Each box holds a max of two electrons and must be labelled underneath.

Electron Configurations state the orbital and the number of electrons present, such as 1s2, 2s2, 2p6…

28
Q

Order of energy levels.

A

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p

29
Q

Each orbital type and max electrons.

A

S: 2
P: 6
D: 10
F: 14

30
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

An atom’s outermost electrons. They occupy the highest energy orbital.

31
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with a charge. Cations are positive, anions are negative. A neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons. Atoms want to gain or lose electrons to have a full valence shell. Example: Lithium wants to give it’s electron away. Sulphur wants to gain 2 more electrons.

32
Q

What is a monatomic ion?

A

Ions are made of only one element. Example: N^-3 is nitride, only made of nitrogen.

33
Q

What is a polyatomic ion?

A

Ions consisting of more than one element which have a tightly bound group of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge. Example: SO4^-2. Sulfate, one sulfure and two oxygen with an overall -2 charge.

34
Q

What is a multivalent ion?

A

Many of the transition metals have more than one charge. The ionic charges can be found on the periodic table, but you can only know which one you are dealing with if told. Example: Iron has +2 and +3 ions.

35
Q

How do you name ions?

A

Cation: Element name and the word ion. Example: Li^+ is lithium-ion.

Anions: Drop the ending of the element name and add ide to the end. Do NOT write ion. For example, O^-2, oxide.

Polyatomic ions: Look up the name on the periodic table.

Multivalent ions: Charge is written as a roman number following the name and then the word ion. Example: Fe^+2, is an Iron(II) ion.

36
Q

Ionic compounds are…

A

Formed from a metal and a non-metal. (Positive and negative ion)

37
Q

Molecular compounds are…

A

Formed from two non-metals.

38
Q

Acids are…

A

A hydrogen-containing compound that produces H+ ions when dissolved.