whitechapel Flashcards
1
Q
sarah fisher
A
- convicted for unlawful exposure
- used her baby to gain sympathy in the cold, then it died
- case report - details
- census - more vague info
2
Q
charles booth
A
employed 50 researchers to help create a map of wealth/poverty in london
3
Q
flower and dean street
A
- rookery with 902 lodgers staying in 31 houses
- houses in awful condition
- full of thieves, drunkards, prostitutes
- coloured black on booth’s map
- middle class families nearby
4
Q
whitechapel workhouse and casual ward
A
- place for people who couldn’t work or get a bed on a doss house
- very strict, families separated
- casual ward across the street, very harsh
- inmates had to work to earn their bed
5
Q
the peabody estate
A
- rookery bought and improved by a charity
- rent was too high for locals and caused overpopulation in other areas
6
Q
fear of crime
A
- immigration (irish + jewish, more difficult for jews to integrate and find jobs, made them targets for prejudice due to low class)
- drinking (caused violence, made people susceptible to crime)
- jewish radicalism
- reform was difficult and caused overpopulation in other areas
- natural criminal underclass
- overcrowded + unhealthy lodging houses
- socialism/anarchism + fenian irish nationalism (wanted independence)
7
Q
edmund henderson
A
- 1870-86
- commissioner of the met
- relaxed police discipline (growing beards, reduced amt of drill practice)
- trial of the detectives
- irish fenians exploded boobs
- replaced after a riot in trafalgar square
8
Q
charles warren
A
- disliked by home secretary matthews
- focused on military discipline, made people worry about similarities to the army
- used violence in a riot
- published article without matthews approval
9
Q
recruits
A
- 2 weeks military training - 1 week of beat duty
- recruited from countryside (bigger + healthier)
- had to have good discipline
- 30 years pension after 1800
10
Q
h division
A
- 505 policemen for 176k people in whitechapel
- peaked at 575 in 1888
11
Q
lennan street police station
A
- moved in 1891, but records were lost
12
Q
thames police court
A
- tried cases without a jury
- serious cases sent to the old bailey
- provides vague details about crime
13
Q
the beat constable
A
- blue uniform to distinguish against military
- handcuffs
- lamp - provided heat + light/flame could be hidden
- new helmet designed to deflect downward blows
14
Q
the beat
A
- 30 minutes during the day, 15 at night
- 9 hour shifts
- travelled alone
- expected to be familiar with the area
- changed routine every month to prevent corruption
- criminals could figure out routine, so it would be altered w little
15
Q
CID
A
- initial detective service in 1842, more recruited by henderson in 1870
- detectives unsuccessful, cases of mistaken identities
- led to CID formed by howard vincent in 1878
- worked in plain clothes to shadow suspects
- worked in local divisions
- received reports from chief inspectors, looked out for habitual criminals, supervised criminals released early for good behaviour
- observed/gathered information
16
Q
difficulties in whitechapel
A
- alcohol (vulnerable, dangerous, caused domestic violence/abuse)
- pubs (police would have to make sure they closed on time + illegal boxing/gambling rings)
- prostitution - keeping a brothel was illegal, they were targeted
- immigration - antisemitism, jews unlikely to go to the police, nervous about other EU immigrants
- political demonstrations - riot on march 16 1889 for higher wages, police arrested leaders and were found guilty of assault, many attacks against jews, christian’s tried to convert jews
17
Q
jack the ripper
A
- 1888
31 august - mary nichols, found in bucks row with her throat and abdomen cut open
8 september - annie chapman found in george’s yard strangled and intestines taken
30 september - stride and eaddowes, double event, stride found in duffields yard, throat cut but nothing taken (interrupted), eaddowes found in mitre square with part of her ear + nose taken
9 november - mary kelly, killed in her room with her hide parts thrown around
18
Q
methods of investigation
A
- careful observation done by inspectors
- constables would make sure the scene wasn’t disturbed to help determine method of murder
- photography and sketches - taken before and after, used for identification, met worked closely with col police for photos
- sketches of body/crime scene
- autopsy - could help with time/method of murder
- interviews - 2000 butches/slaughter men questioned
- witness statement - written only with witnesses words, read back to them, errors crossed out
- followed up clues - 300 lines of enquiry after chapmans death
- 80 people arrested
- identification - descriptions, mugshots, facial measurements
- criminal profiles - evidence gathered about type of person to look for
19
Q
the press
A
- newspapers full of criticism + sensationalism
- presented police as incompetent
- published letters from people claiming to be jack the ripper
20
Q
whitechapel vigilance committee
A
- set up by george lusk
- investigators hired
- published posters offering rewards
- received hoax letters
- received one with a fake kidney
21
Q
city of london + met police
A
- munro resigned before murder
- warren forced to resign before mary kelly’s murder
- some divisions worked well together
- men sent in to the patrol the beat, one found a piece of eaddowes apron on 30/09
- antisemitic graffiti found during the double event
- city detectives wanted to record it, warren didn’t want to risk a riot
