whitechapel

Question 1

sarah fisher

Answer 1

• convicted for unlawful exposure
• used her baby to gain sympathy in the cold, then it died
• case report - details
• census - more vague info

Question 2

charles booth

Answer 2

employed 50 researchers to help create a map of wealth/poverty in london

Question 3

flower and dean street

Answer 3

• rookery with 902 lodgers staying in 31 houses
• houses in awful condition
• full of thieves, drunkards, prostitutes
• coloured black on booth’s map
• middle class families nearby

Question 4

whitechapel workhouse and casual ward

Answer 4

• place for people who couldn’t work or get a bed on a doss house
• very strict, families separated
• casual ward across the street, very harsh
• inmates had to work to earn their bed

Question 5

the peabody estate

Answer 5

• rookery bought and improved by a charity

- rent was too high for locals and caused overpopulation in other areas

Question 6

fear of crime

Answer 6

• immigration (irish + jewish, more difficult for jews to integrate and find jobs, made them targets for prejudice due to low class)
• drinking (caused violence, made people susceptible to crime)
• jewish radicalism
• reform was difficult and caused overpopulation in other areas
• natural criminal underclass
• overcrowded + unhealthy lodging houses
• socialism/anarchism + fenian irish nationalism (wanted independence)

Question 7

edmund henderson

Answer 7

• 1870-86
• commissioner of the met
• relaxed police discipline (growing beards, reduced amt of drill practice)
• trial of the detectives
• irish fenians exploded boobs
• replaced after a riot in trafalgar square

Question 8

charles warren

Answer 8

• disliked by home secretary matthews
• focused on military discipline, made people worry about similarities to the army
• used violence in a riot
• published article without matthews approval

Question 9

recruits

Answer 9

• 2 weeks military training - 1 week of beat duty
• recruited from countryside (bigger + healthier)
• had to have good discipline
• 30 years pension after 1800

Question 10

h division

Answer 10

• 505 policemen for 176k people in whitechapel

- peaked at 575 in 1888

Question 11

lennan street police station

Answer 11

• moved in 1891, but records were lost

Question 12

thames police court

Answer 12

• tried cases without a jury
• serious cases sent to the old bailey
• provides vague details about crime

Question 13

the beat constable

Answer 13

• blue uniform to distinguish against military
• handcuffs
• lamp - provided heat + light/flame could be hidden
• new helmet designed to deflect downward blows

Question 14

the beat

Answer 14

• 30 minutes during the day, 15 at night
• 9 hour shifts
• travelled alone
• expected to be familiar with the area
• changed routine every month to prevent corruption
• criminals could figure out routine, so it would be altered w little

Question 15

CID

Answer 15

• initial detective service in 1842, more recruited by henderson in 1870
• detectives unsuccessful, cases of mistaken identities
• led to CID formed by howard vincent in 1878
• worked in plain clothes to shadow suspects
• worked in local divisions
• received reports from chief inspectors, looked out for habitual criminals, supervised criminals released early for good behaviour
• observed/gathered information

Question 16

difficulties in whitechapel

Answer 16

• alcohol (vulnerable, dangerous, caused domestic violence/abuse)
• pubs (police would have to make sure they closed on time + illegal boxing/gambling rings)
• prostitution - keeping a brothel was illegal, they were targeted
• immigration - antisemitism, jews unlikely to go to the police, nervous about other EU immigrants
• political demonstrations - riot on march 16 1889 for higher wages, police arrested leaders and were found guilty of assault, many attacks against jews, christian’s tried to convert jews

Question 17

jack the ripper

Answer 17

• 1888

31 august - mary nichols, found in bucks row with her throat and abdomen cut open
8 september - annie chapman found in george’s yard strangled and intestines taken
30 september - stride and eaddowes, double event, stride found in duffields yard, throat cut but nothing taken (interrupted), eaddowes found in mitre square with part of her ear + nose taken
9 november - mary kelly, killed in her room with her hide parts thrown around

Question 18

methods of investigation

Answer 18

• careful observation done by inspectors
• constables would make sure the scene wasn’t disturbed to help determine method of murder
• photography and sketches - taken before and after, used for identification, met worked closely with col police for photos
• sketches of body/crime scene
• autopsy - could help with time/method of murder
• interviews - 2000 butches/slaughter men questioned
• witness statement - written only with witnesses words, read back to them, errors crossed out
• followed up clues - 300 lines of enquiry after chapmans death
• 80 people arrested
• identification - descriptions, mugshots, facial measurements
• criminal profiles - evidence gathered about type of person to look for

Question 19

the press

Answer 19

• newspapers full of criticism + sensationalism
• presented police as incompetent
• published letters from people claiming to be jack the ripper

Question 20

whitechapel vigilance committee

Answer 20

• set up by george lusk
• investigators hired
• published posters offering rewards
• received hoax letters
• received one with a fake kidney

Question 21

city of london + met police

Answer 21

• munro resigned before murder
• warren forced to resign before mary kelly’s murder
• some divisions worked well together
• men sent in to the patrol the beat, one found a piece of eaddowes apron on 30/09
• antisemitic graffiti found during the double event
• city detectives wanted to record it, warren didn’t want to risk a riot