c.1900 - present Flashcards
1
Q
20th century crime
A
- crime rates have increased due to technology making it easier to report crime
- computer crime (fraud/theft)
- terrorism
- hate crimes
- murder
- violent crime + sexual offences
2
Q
changes to smuggling
A
- more customs officers
- less physical violence
- drugs smuggled
- people smuggled
- harder to prevent
- occurs on land/air/sea
3
Q
continuity in smuggling
A
- illegal goods
- organised gangs
- alcohol + tobacco still smuggled
4
Q
ww1 conscientious objectors
A
- religious reasons, class divide, humanists
- conscription for single men aged 18-41, then became married men
- tribunal, non-fighting roles
- seen as cowards
- white feather attached to their clothes
- sent to prison, 73 died due to treatment
- couldn’t vote
5
Q
ww2 conscientious objectors
A
- same reasons as ww1
- gov. gave them alternative work like farming
- tribunals still held but not for ex-soldiers
- conscription
- less harsh/dangerous jobs
- called cowards, attacked in the street, fired from their jobs
- prison was a last resort
- less harsh
6
Q
policing
A
- vehicles - cars, bikes, helicopter
- crime detection - forensics, fingerprints, chemical analysis of blood
- computer records - data collected since 1974
- 126k officers, 43 local forces
- 2 way radios
- change in roles - some deal w non-crime incidents
- 14 weeks of training
- CCTV/ANPR
- weapons - batons, truncheons, pepper spray, tasers
7
Q
prisons
A
1922 - end of solitary confinement
1933 - open prisons (fear of crime decreased, pressure to make prison less harsh, no more inherited criminal gene)
1947 onwards
- prison population increased
- increased sentences
- overcrowding, decline in quality/purposeful activity
8
Q
non-custodial methods
do
A
- probation
- fines
- paroles
- tagging
- community service
9
Q
reasons for death penalty
A
- deterrent
- inexpensive
- released criminals might act again
- execution avenges victim
10
Q
reasons against death penalty
A
- other EU countries had abolished it
- sometimes wrong person executed
- sanctity of life
- didn’t act as deterrent in the moment for murderers
- use of it was declining by late 1700s
- seemed nazi-like/barbaric after ww2
11
Q
timothy evans
A
- confessed to murder while not thinking rationally, posthumously pardoned
12
Q
ruth ellis
A
killed her abusive partner
