White wines Flashcards
Aligote
Burgundy, esp Bouzeron
Entry level - £15, 11.5%
Mid-range - £28, gentle press, ferm tank or old oak, 13%
Premium - £55, 13%, SS, lees stirred every 3-4 weeks, malo, aged in bottle 1yr (Coche dury £270)
Laterals - Chablis, Muscadet
Marker - buttermilk and mineral?
Albarino
Rias Baixas, Portugal, Uruguay (NZ, S FR)
Entry level - £12 SS, 12%
Mid-range - £20 (Uruguay unoaked, 5m lees), 12.5%, 20 days ferm SS, on lees till botlte
Premium - £55 single vyd Salnes/VV, SS, lees 9 month, no battonnage or malo
Laterals - Gruner, PG, Italian, SB (?)
Marker - salinity in RB, fresher in VV
Arneis
Piemonte (Roero), some in Aus, NZ, USA
Entry level - £10 12.5%, SS, fine lees gentle stirring
Mid-range - £25 SS 20 days, on lees
Premium - ?
Laterals - other lower acid Italians eg Fiano?
Marker- honeysuckle, almond, hops
Assyrtiko
Greece (Santorini, Crete, other islands, mainland), Aus
Entry level - £12 mainland, 13.5%, poss blended
Mid-range - £35 direct press, ferm 17-18
Premium - £75 whole cluster press, 12m on lees
Laterals - Albarino, Furmint, GV, Carricante
Marker - high abv, powerful finish, saline
Arinto
Portugal - VV, Douro, Lisboa… mostly blended
Entry level - £7, 10.5% VV blend
Mid-range - £16 12.5% Douro blend, SS.old oak
Premium - £40, 13.5%, Lisboa, single GV, Ferm SS, 6m barrel
Laterals - furmint, albarino
Marker - acid in warm climate?
Bacchus
UK, Germany
Entry level - £12, 11.5%, SS
Mid-range - £20, 12%
Premium - £35, 12.5%, SS, subtle oak
Laterals - SB, Moschofilero, Muscat
Marker - Hedgerow, acid
Carricante
Sicily
Entry-level - ?
Mid-range - £28 13%, 20% oak ferm
Premium - £50 12%, native ferm, 13-15 days, 12m in 2000l barrel, pH3.0
Laterals - Assyrtiko, Furmint, Chablis
Marker - rhubarb?
Chardonnay - Burgundy
Chablis
Petit - £18, 12%
Village - £25 12.5%, SS, MLC, lees maybe
1er Cru - £40, 12.5%, MLC, no new oak, some lees
Grand Cru - £75+ 12.5%, 1-5yo oak 11m, MLC, limited battonnage
Cote d’Or
Village - £50 top village, £30 lesser
1er Cru - £75+ 25-40% new oak 10m, lees
Grand Cru - £200, 30-60% new oak
Cote Chalonnaise
Marsannay - £16
1er cru - £30
Maconnais
Macon - £12 SS maybe lees
Pouilly Fuisse/Vinzelles - 13% £30
PF 1er Cru - £50, 20-25% new oak 10m
Bourgogne Blanc - can be basic can be premium
Chablis Grand Crus
Le Clos - richest, finest
Vaudesir - rich spicy
Blanchot - delicate, aromatic
Bourgos - vibrant, lively
Les Preuses - complex, least mineral
Grenouilles - racy, aromatic
La Moutonne - unofficial Grand Cru
Montrachet Grand Crus
Le Montrachet - perfumed, intense, rich
Batard - rich, nutty, honeyed
Chevalier - luxurious, complex
Bienvenues - less rich, finesse
Crios - fragrant, fine, rare
Chardonnay - rest of Europe
Ardeche/Limoux - £16 - £40
Jura - £50- £1000+
Italy - Piemonte, Puglia, Sicily, £10-£35
Spain - Navarra, £15-£60
Germany - Nahe, Pfalz, Baden - £30-40
UK - £30-60
Chardonnay - ROW
Ripest
Stellenbosch
Casablanca Valley
Napa - ripe fruit, oak
Washington
South Eastern Aus
Mendoza
Mid-ripe
Sonoma coast - restrained, poss reduction
Santa Barbera - high acidity
Oregon
Canada
Margaret River - rich texture
Auckland - Burgundy style, slightly riper, reductive
Marlborough - range
Walker Bay (Hemel en Aarde)
Aconcagua
Least ripe
Patagonia
Yarra Valley/Mornington/Adelaide Hills - slimline, chiselled
Chasselas
Switzerland, Savoie, Baden
£25, 12%, 2021, no oak, lees poss
Laterals - PG (riper style)
Marker - herby, textured, not leads of acid
Clairette
S Rhone, S Fr, SA. Typically blended
13.5%-14%, blend, range of styles/quals
Laterals - Grenache Blanc, Marsanne
Marker - musky, ox
Chenin Blanc - Loire
Vouvray sec - £10-£50, 11-12.5% 2022- 2010,
Demi-sec - £15- 40, 11.5-13%, 2022
Moulleux £50-£100 (older) 50-70g/l, 12%
Savennieres - £25-£75, 12-13.5% (legal max, can get dispensation), 2022, poss late harv, poss oak
Anjou/Saumur - £10-50, 12-14.5%, oak poss
Coteaux du Layon - 11.5-12% 2022-2014, £20-40, 100-120g/l
Premier Cru Chaume - 11%, 2018, £25/50cl, 160g/l RS
Bonnezeaux - £20-40, 13-14%, poss botrytis
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru - £25-100/50cl, 11.5-12%, 2021-2010, 200g/l, 24m old oak
Laterals - Sauternes (sweet), Riesling (dry), Melon (neutral), Jurancon (med-sweet)
Marker - quince, apple, honey, building acidity
Chenin Blanc - ROW
SA, Cali, Aus, NZ
Swartland - restrained
Stellenbosch/Paarl - riper
Entry level - £7 2024, 11-13.5% Ss
Mid-range - £25, 2022, 13.5%, poss oak/malo/lees
Premium - £50+ poss single vineyard, 2022, 13-14%, some new wave concrete, some oak?
Laterals - Chardonnay
Marker - V high building acidity
Cortese
Gavi, Gavi del Commune di Gavi, other Piemonte, Lombardy
Entry level - £12, 12% 2022
Mid-range - £26, 13.5%, 2023, whole bunch press, ferm SS 18C, short lees, bottle 2-4 months
Premium - £50+, 12-14%, 2021-23, possible barrique ferment, selected yeast ferm 20 days
Laterals - other Italian white, other non-aromatic white (Gruner, PG, Alb)
Marker - white flower, phenolic, high acid but neutral
Encruzado
Dao, other Portugal, often blend
Entry level - £14, 2023,12.5%, SS
Premium - £28, 2023, 13.5%, wild ferm 20% oak
Laterals - C, CB, V
Marker - green leaf, waxy orange
Falanghina
Campania
Entry level - £10, 13-13.5%, SS 16-18C, 5m lees
Premium - £20, 2022, 12%, ferm SS 16C, 6m mat
Laterals - other Italian white
Marker - greengage, tangerine
Fiano
Campania, Puglia, Sicily, Aus
Entry level - £10, 2024, 13%, SS (IGT)
Mid-range - £20 (Aus/Avellino), 2021-22, 12.5-13.5% poss diff ripeness/ pressing
Premium - £50+, 2020-22, 13.5-14%, Riserva, 48 hrs skins, ferm SS 18C 60 days, partial ml
Laterals - C, other It white
Marker - best are ripe, phenolic, mineral
Furmint (dry)
Hungary, Slovenia
Entry level - £11, 13.5%, 2022
Mid-range - £20, 2023, 13.5%
Premium - £35+ (Szepsy £50-70), 2018-2020, 13-14%, wild ferm, some oak
Laterals - Ass, Carr, Gruner (prem), Chab
Marker - v high acid, green apple, almond, sour
Garganega
Soave
Entry level - £9, 12.5%, 2022
Mid-price - £20, classico, 2022, 12/%, SS ferm, lees
Premium - £35, single vineyard, 13%, 2022, short mac, ferm 20C SS, poss oak 500, 2000l 15m with lees (La Rocca, also bot fruit?)
Laterals - other It, Alb, GV
Marker - almond, pine, bitter phenolic
Gewurztraminer
Alsace, Baden, Trentino Alto Adige (3-8RS), Austria, NZ, Chile Aus, Cali, SA, Somontano
Entry level - £12 (Alsace, non-EU), 13.5-14%, 2022-23, off dry 11, cool ferm non-Eu, warmer Alsace
Mid-range - £25 (Alsace, Alto Adige), 2021, 14-14.5% RS 3-23, slow ferm SS, 6-9m lees
Premium - £50+, 13-14.5%, 2014-18, Alsace single vyd (not always GC), premium non-EU
Laterals - Muscat
Marker - perfume, often RS, oily
Godello
Valdeorras, Ribiera, Ribeira Sacra, Monterrei, Bierzo, Douro, Dao
Entry level - £12 2023, 13%, Monterrei/Ribeiro, SS
Mid-range - £25 2022, 14%,ferm fr oak foudres, aged lees 4m
Premium - £50 2022 Valdeorras, Bierzo, Castilla y Leon, 13%, ferm oak, lees 10m
Laterals - Verdejo, Encruzado, C, Viura
Marker - texture, bay leaf, mineral