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envirothon NY 24’ > white-tailed deer, beaver, black bear > Flashcards

white-tailed deer, beaver, black bear Flashcards

1
Q

what is new york’s most popular game animal

A

white-tailed deer

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2
Q

how much money is added to NY’s economy thru white- tailed deer hunting

A

1.5 Billion

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3
Q

how do white-tailed deer conflict with human interests

A

they shape the land which can negatively affect other wildlife, farmers, tree farmers, homeowners, and a
hazard to motorists

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4
Q

the soft blood vessel filled skin that covers developing antlers

A

velvet

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5
Q

how fast can white-tailed deer run

A

35-40 mph

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6
Q

how do white-tailed deer communicate

A

scent, body language, sound

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7
Q

where are white- tailed deer found in NY

A

near the edge of woods, open areas by roadways, fields, or waterways

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8
Q

scientific name of white-tailed deer

A

odocoileus virginianus

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9
Q

scientific name of beaver

A

castor canadensis

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10
Q

what is NY state’s official mammal

A

beaver

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11
Q

specs of a beaver

A

lbs- 26-65
in’- 25-35
tail in’- 9/10 by 6

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12
Q

second set of eyelids found on a beaver

A

nictitating membrane

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13
Q

beaver lips-

A

have lips that close behind the incisors which allow them to gnaw underwater

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14
Q

beaver incisors

A

never stop growing and are kept manageable by chewing wood

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15
Q

beaver split nail

A

second right toe- appears to aid in grooming

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16
Q

beavers tails aid them how

A
  1. swimming
  2. thermoregulatory tool
  3. fat storage
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17
Q

beavers tails aid them how

A
  1. swimming
  2. thermoregulatory tool
  3. fat storage
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18
Q

describe a beaver habitat

A

any yearlong water source (marshes, swamps, margins of lakes and reservoirs and ponds)
these waterways will be of low gradient with aspen, willow, or alder plus aquatic vegetation

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19
Q

what do beavers eat

A

cellulose in bark

20
Q

how does a beavers diet change in the summer

A

switch to more aquatic grub like water lilies and rhizomes from ferns

21
Q

do beavers have mate’s for life

A

yes, but if a mate dies, they will take a new mate

22
Q

beaver colony

A

mates, offspring, sometimes an extra adult. 4-6 beavers sometimes up to 12

23
Q

scent- mounding

A

beavers pile up muddy debris and mark the top with castoreum- which is washed out of the castor glands with urine

24
Q

how do beavers communicate

A

castoreum, vocalization, postures, tail- slapping

25
Q

purpose of tail slapping

A

ward off predators, warn other beavers of threat

26
Q

what cues beavers to build

A

the sound of water running

27
Q

how does beaver colonization affect other species

A
  1. resource for waterfowl
  2. eliminate diversity in reptiles and some fish
  3. flooding can destroy areas of forest/ prevent natural succession
28
Q

beaver breed what months

A

jan/ feb and young are born may/ june

29
Q

beaver litters

A

2-7 depending on food and habitat

30
Q

beaver mites

A

up to 10 species living on diff parts of the beaver

31
Q

black bear scientific name

A

ursus americanus

32
Q

black bear population

A

estimated 6-8 thousand in areas open to hunting

33
Q

50-60% of black bears live where

A

adirondack region

34
Q

30-35% of black bears live where

A

catskill region

35
Q

10-15 % of black bears live

A

central- western region

36
Q

what area is not suitable for bears

A

agricultural areas or areas with high density of human populations

37
Q

average black bear lbs

A

male 300
female 170

38
Q

what is special about black bear reproduction

A

breeding occurs in june and july but the fertilized egg does not begin to develop until fall- this delayed implantation occurs so that cubs have best survival chance

39
Q

black bears eat

A

anything! grasses, berries, fruit, nuts, seeds, insects, grubs, carrion, and human sources of food like corn, honey, bird seed, trash, pet food

40
Q

how are bears ages

A

by cutting a cross section of a smaller premolar and counting the rings

41
Q

annual rings

A

cementum annuli

42
Q

annual rings

A

cementum annuli

43
Q

feed bears is

A

illegal in NY
could create boldness in bears and create dangerous situations

44
Q

describe the negative effects on black bears health when fed

A
  1. change natural foraging habits
  2. creates human-bear conflicts
  3. eat dangerous things like soap etc from trash
  4. bears concentrated in an area causes stress
  5. disease/ physical injury
45
Q

what is the primary management tool to control bear populations

A

hunting

46
Q

what areas permit bear hunting

A

northern, southeast, central-western

47
Q

largest and second largest animal in NY

A

moose, black bear

envirothon NY 24’ (3 decks)

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