white-tailed deer, beaver, black bear Flashcards
what is new york’s most popular game animal
white-tailed deer
how much money is added to NY’s economy thru white- tailed deer hunting
1.5 Billion
how do white-tailed deer conflict with human interests
they shape the land which can negatively affect other wildlife, farmers, tree farmers, homeowners, and a
hazard to motorists
the soft blood vessel filled skin that covers developing antlers
velvet
how fast can white-tailed deer run
35-40 mph
how do white-tailed deer communicate
scent, body language, sound
where are white- tailed deer found in NY
near the edge of woods, open areas by roadways, fields, or waterways
scientific name of white-tailed deer
odocoileus virginianus
scientific name of beaver
castor canadensis
what is NY state’s official mammal
beaver
specs of a beaver
lbs- 26-65
in’- 25-35
tail in’- 9/10 by 6
second set of eyelids found on a beaver
nictitating membrane
beaver lips-
have lips that close behind the incisors which allow them to gnaw underwater
beaver incisors
never stop growing and are kept manageable by chewing wood
beaver split nail
second right toe- appears to aid in grooming
beavers tails aid them how
- swimming
- thermoregulatory tool
- fat storage
beavers tails aid them how
- swimming
- thermoregulatory tool
- fat storage
describe a beaver habitat
any yearlong water source (marshes, swamps, margins of lakes and reservoirs and ponds)
these waterways will be of low gradient with aspen, willow, or alder plus aquatic vegetation
what do beavers eat
cellulose in bark
how does a beavers diet change in the summer
switch to more aquatic grub like water lilies and rhizomes from ferns
do beavers have mate’s for life
yes, but if a mate dies, they will take a new mate
beaver colony
mates, offspring, sometimes an extra adult. 4-6 beavers sometimes up to 12
scent- mounding
beavers pile up muddy debris and mark the top with castoreum- which is washed out of the castor glands with urine
how do beavers communicate
castoreum, vocalization, postures, tail- slapping
purpose of tail slapping
ward off predators, warn other beavers of threat
what cues beavers to build
the sound of water running
how does beaver colonization affect other species
- resource for waterfowl
- eliminate diversity in reptiles and some fish
- flooding can destroy areas of forest/ prevent natural succession
beaver breed what months
jan/ feb and young are born may/ june
beaver litters
2-7 depending on food and habitat
beaver mites
up to 10 species living on diff parts of the beaver
black bear scientific name
ursus americanus
black bear population
estimated 6-8 thousand in areas open to hunting
50-60% of black bears live where
adirondack region
30-35% of black bears live where
catskill region
10-15 % of black bears live
central- western region
what area is not suitable for bears
agricultural areas or areas with high density of human populations
average black bear lbs
male 300
female 170
what is special about black bear reproduction
breeding occurs in june and july but the fertilized egg does not begin to develop until fall- this delayed implantation occurs so that cubs have best survival chance
black bears eat
anything! grasses, berries, fruit, nuts, seeds, insects, grubs, carrion, and human sources of food like corn, honey, bird seed, trash, pet food
how are bears ages
by cutting a cross section of a smaller premolar and counting the rings
annual rings
cementum annuli
annual rings
cementum annuli
feed bears is
illegal in NY
could create boldness in bears and create dangerous situations
describe the negative effects on black bears health when fed
- change natural foraging habits
- creates human-bear conflicts
- eat dangerous things like soap etc from trash
- bears concentrated in an area causes stress
- disease/ physical injury
what is the primary management tool to control bear populations
hunting
what areas permit bear hunting
northern, southeast, central-western
largest and second largest animal in NY
moose, black bear
