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envirothon NY 24’ > muskrat, fisher, eastern coyote > Flashcards

muskrat, fisher, eastern coyote Flashcards

1
Q

scientific name of muskrat

A

ondatra zibethicus

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2
Q

describe 2 facts about muskrat hair

A
  1. only mammal in NY with course hair under tail
  2. soft dense undercoat and thick guard hairs
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3
Q

what land do muskrats occupy

A

they prefer marshlands but can occupy wetlands, and waterways that are heavily vegetated

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4
Q

what do muskrats eat

A

roots and stems of aquatic vegetation and sometimes invertebrates when veg is short or there is abundance in mollusks, fish, etc (even turtles)

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5
Q

signs of a muskrat

A

well matted resting and feeding platforms- usually littered with scraps of veg and crayfish as well as droppings

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6
Q

are muskrats nocturnal

A

yes muskrats are nocturnal

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7
Q

how do muskrats defend their territory

A

muskrats are extremely territorial especially prior and during breeding season.
territory holders usually older- younger more likely to be prey

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8
Q

how do muskrats burrow in marshes vs waterways

A

in marshes they build up from vegetation where as in waters ways they dig into the bank and create underground tunnels. both are damaging to surrounding banks and vegetation

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9
Q

push ups (breathers)

A

muskrat burrow created for winter- masses of veg collected from underwater and pushed up thru cracks or holes in the ice- they freeze and serve as resting place and are maintained as breathing holes

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10
Q

how do muskrat impact other species

A
  1. canada geese and mallards nest on top of huts
  2. species such as turtles will use houses for hibernation
  3. eating bur-reeds clear areas for the endangered black tern to mate!!
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11
Q

when does breeding occur in muskrats

A

april- may

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12
Q

how long is gestation periods in muskrats

A

25/30 days

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13
Q

how many young and litters can muskrats have

A

4-8 kits and up to 3 litters a year

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14
Q

when can females begin mating

A

the fall of their first year, but the northern range of the species don’t reach sexual maturity until one year

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15
Q

what kills muskrats

A
  1. traps,
  2. cars,
  3. minks, raccoons,
  4. other predators also hunt them like fox, coyotes, red-tailed hawks, and great-horned owl
  5. disease
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16
Q

scientific name of fisher

A

martes pennant

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17
Q

what family is the fisher a part of

A

weasel

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18
Q

what physical differences do male and female fishers have

A
  1. females usually have a uniform color where as males will have blonde or brown hairs around the upper neck, upper back/ shoulders
  2. females are much smaller (dimorphism)
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19
Q

fisher feet do what to help them descend trees

A

rotate nearly 180 degrees

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20
Q

what do fishers use to attack mates and mark territory

A

large anal scent glands

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21
Q

fishers have what type of claws

A

semi-retractable

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22
Q

what continent do fishers live

A

north america

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23
Q

what areas do fishers live in

A

forested and semi- forested land- prefer extensive closed canopy forests

24
Q

when and why did fisher populations decrease

A

late 1800s/ early 1900s
unregulated logging and clearing land for farmers led to loss of forested habitat

25
Q

what has brought back fisher populations

A
  1. reintroduction programs
  2. regulating trapping opportunities
  3. reforestation programs
26
Q

what do fishers eat

A

wide variety- small mammals and birds as well as mast (acorns, apples, berries, beechnuts)

27
Q

what animal have fishers been the only mammal to kill

A

porcupine

28
Q

how far will fishers go for food

A

hundreds of miles

29
Q

how far have fishers been reported to travel for food

A

hundred miles

30
Q

when can female fishers begin reproduction

A

within their first year, eggs often delay implantation

31
Q

fisher breeding takes place when and how big are litters

A

march- may
2-3 kits

32
Q

interfamilial aggression

A

begins at the onset of autum- young usually leave then (about 5 months old)

33
Q

where do fishers den? where do they den for birth?

A
  1. cavities in old trees, hollow logs, cavities in rocks, brush piles, and underground.
  2. high above the ground in hollow trees
34
Q

when do fishers interact with other fishers

A

breeding

35
Q

describe fisher territories

A

males have large home ranges that generally don’t overlap with each other

36
Q

how do fishers die

A
  1. cars
  2. harvest trappers
  3. disease
37
Q

New york state fisher management plan

A

completed in 2015 and lays out the goals, objectives, and strategies that will guide management

38
Q

New york fisher management plan

A

describes the goals and strategies related to management
1. maintain or enhance fisher populations
2. provide sustainable use and enjoyment of fishers by the public

39
Q

scientific name of eastern coyote

A

canis latrans

40
Q

how much bigger are eastern coyotes then western

A

about 40 pounds

41
Q

diet depends on what’s easy to find, scavenge, or catch and kill

A

opportunistic omnivores

42
Q

why do coyotes eat deer

A

roadkill

43
Q

describe 3 coyote patterns

A

nocturnal, territorial, stick to one region their whole life

44
Q

how do coyotes mate

A

mate for life

45
Q

describe eastern coyote familial habits

A

females raise pups in dens and stay in the area where males will wander greater distances to hunt for females and pups

46
Q

how many pups in a coyote litter

A

4-6

47
Q

when are coyotes full grown

A

9 months

48
Q

why do coyotes thrive in human populated areas

A

abundant food supply

49
Q

why do coyotes thrive in human populated areas

A

abundant food supply

50
Q

instead of forming pack, coyotes live in

A

family units

51
Q

what limits the number of coyotes in any one area

A

territorial behavior

52
Q

how large are eastern coyotes territories

A

2-15 square miles

53
Q

how many new yorkers participate in coyote hunting and trapping

A

30,000 and 3,000 in trapping

54
Q

where is eastern coyote hunting open

A

all of upstate new york (license required)

55
Q

when can u most likely spot a coyote

A

end of summer when pups are almost grown
in fields hunting for small mammals
tracks and scat
yelps at night

envirothon NY 24’ (3 decks)

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