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Criminology > White Collar Crime > Flashcards

White Collar Crime Flashcards

1
Q

What is White Collar Crime?

A

A crime committed by a person of a high social statue in the course of his occupation

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2
Q

Who said the definition of white collar crime?

A

Sutherland (1949)

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3
Q

Examples of WCC?

A

Fraud, tax violations, bribery and embezzlement

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4
Q

What is the problem of criminology and white collar crime?

A

Criminological theories ignore people in positions of power engaging in crime and focus on explaining lower class criminality

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5
Q

Why do we assume that only poor and disadvantaged commit crime?

A

The media
The judges
The state and law

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6
Q

How much of criminologists time do they spend researching, teaching and writing about white collar crime?

A

5%

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7
Q

What is crimes of the powerful?

A

It is about power and the institutionally powerful who have become the central agents of power in contemporary societies (Whyte, 2009)

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8
Q

What criminologists associate crime with the lower class?

A

Marx & Engels
Beccaria (1764)
Lombroso

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9
Q

How does the media affect the assumption that only poor people commit crime?

A

The media have vested an interest not to expose shady advertisement practices i.e. they rely on advertisers for fund

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10
Q

How do judges affect the assumption that only poor people commit crime?

A

Judges belong to the same noble ‘ranks’ as criminal elites by attending the same colleges, churches and live in the same neighbourhoods, white collar crime becomes unnoticed

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11
Q

How does the state and the law affect the assumption that only poor people commit crimes?

A

Soft on wealth producers
Treat elite deviance as civil rather than criminal

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12
Q

What is the main problem Sutherland (1949) states?

A

Criminological theories ignore big businesses who engage in criminal activity and focus on explaining lower class crime.

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13
Q

What did Sutherland (1949) collect data on?

A

Crime by respectable individuals, especially embezzlers, throughout the 1930s.

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14
Q

What did Sutherland concluded from his data?

A

People in position of power were engaging in forms of organised crime but not treated as such.

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15
Q

What is the most basic and practical reason for the lack of academic attention on corporate crimes?

A

Lack of funding available for such research (Tombs & Whyte, 2006)

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16
Q

How is the WCC crime definition challenged?

A

Only convicted people are to be called criminals, so the courts must know you as criminal to be labelled ‘criminal’ (Tappan, 1947)

17
Q

What do many theories of crime blame for crime?

A

Poverty, broken homes, absent fathers and poor education

18
Q

Who suffers from the conditions of poverty, broken homes, absent fathers and poor education?

A

Law abiding citizens

19
Q

What was Sutherland (1949) book called?

A

White Collar Crime

20
Q

Who was Sutherland (1949) book published by

A

Dryden press

21
Q

What does Sutherland book explore?

A

The specific forms of WCC committed by major corporations.

22
Q

Why was Sutherlands call for attention of the upper class crimes disregarded and seen as a major problem?

A

Dryden forced Sutherland to eliminate the name of companies under investigation for the book as Dryden press would be liable for damages because the book called certain corporations ‘criminal’ although they had not he dealt with under criminal statutes.

23
Q

What did the University of Indiana demand from Sutherlands book?

A

Names removed as publishing could alienate wealth business contributors.

24
Q

Can you safely call corporations criminal liability it hasn’t been labelled as such by the courts?

A

No

25
Q

What do criminal statistics shows??

A

Crime has a higher incidence in the lower class and low incidence in the upper class.

26
Q

What are criminal statistics used for from criminal justice agencies?

A

The principal data helps formulate general theories of criminal behaviour.

27
Q

What does the data not include?

A

Criminal behaviour of business and professional men (Sutherland, 1983)

28
Q

Why is there a statistical bias?

A

The upper class have the political and financial power to escape arrest and conviction

29
Q

What political and financial power do the upper class have in order to create statistical bias?

A

They have higher skilled attorneys and the influence the administration of justice, therefore upper class violations are not seen as ‘criminal’ (Sutherland, 1944)

30
Q

Where are businesses and professional violations of the laws regarding restraint of trade, advertising, pure food and drugs dealt with?

A

Through administrative civil procedures rather than criminal courts.

31
Q

What does Lynch et al, 2004 say ?

A

White collar crime and corporate crime topics are underrepresented in all aspects of the discipline of criminology

32
Q

Where are white collar crime and corporate crime topics underrepresented?

A

Journals, criminology textbooks and criminology PH.D. programmes

Criminology (8 decks)

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