Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PoM Block 1 > White cells (4) > Flashcards

White cells (4) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 granulocytes?

A
  • basophil
  • neutrophil
  • eosinophil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are granulocytes derived from multipotent haemopoietic stem cells?

A

HSCs–>myeloblasts–>granulocytes and monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the myeloid growth factors?

A
  • cause myeloid cells to go down certain pathways
  • stimulated by infections or inflammatory state
  • G-CSF= granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
  • M-CSF= macrophage colony-stimulating factor (encourages production of monocytes, then macrophages)
  • GM-CSF= granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are characteristics of neutrophils?

A
  • takes up basic and acidic stains in a neutral way
  • survives only 7-20 hours in circulation before migrating to tissues
  • segmented nucleus/lobulated
  • main function: phagocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are characteristics of basophils?

A
  • takes up basic dyes
  • granules contain histamine and heparin (and proteolytic enzymss)
  • involved in a variety of immune and inflammatory responses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are characteristics of eosinophil?

A
  • takes up eosin dye
  • spends less time in circulation than neutrophils
  • main function: defence against parasitic infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do neutrophils get recruited for phagocytosis?

A
  • chemotaxis: cytokine produced that attracts neutrophils to migrate to tissue
  • neutrophil becomes marginated/adheres to endothelium
  • rolls along
  • diapedesis: exit capillary wall
  • migrate in tissues
  • phagocytose bacteria/ dead cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are characteristics of monocytes?

A
  • spend several days in circulation
  • ingest bacteria and present their antigens on surface to lymphocytes
  • migrate to tissues and develop into macrophages (which also ingest RBCs and store iron)
  • largest of all leukocytes, w/ lobulated nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 types of lymphocytes?

A

B cells (mature into plasma cells), T cells and NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are characteristics of lymphocytes?

A
  • can recirculate to lymph nodes and other tissues, then back to bloodstream
  • intravascular life span= very variable, so can maintain immunological memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the plasma cell develop and what are some characteristics?

A
  • in tissues
  • produces antibodies
  • more voluminous cytoplasm
  • larger than other lymphocytes
  • Golgi zone where antibody being produced= pale area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What kind of lymphocyte could it be if we can see cytoplasmic granules?

A

NK cell or cytotoxic T cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of natural killer cells?

A
  • part of innate immune system

- can kill tumour cells and virus-infected cells as they are foreign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

too many white cells

  • lymphocytosis
  • monocytosis
  • eosinophilia
  • basophilia
  • neutrophilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

too few white cells

  • usually neutropenia (bc most abundant)
  • lymphopenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are causes of neutrophilia?

A
  • infection esp. bacterial
  • inflammation
  • infarction (death of tissue) or other tissue damage
  • myeloproliferative neoplasms (chronic myeloid leukaemia)
  • normal feature in pregnancy
  • normal after exercise (bc rapid shift from marginated pool to circulating pool)
  • corticosteroid
17
Q

What is toxic granulation?

A

heavy course granulation of neutrophils

18
Q

What is left shift?

A
  • things earlier in sequence are appearing in blood

- inc. in non-segmented neutrophils (band forms) or neutrophil precursors in blood

19
Q

What are causes of neutropenia?

A
  • normal in African ancestry
  • chemotherapy and radio therapy
  • autoimmune disorders (developed antibodies against own neutrophils)
  • severe bacterial infections (all neutrophils rapidly leaving blood, faster than production)
  • certain viral infections and drugs
20
Q

What is neutrophil hypersegmentation?

A
  • inc. in average number of neutrophil lobes/segments
  • normal number is 3-5
  • sign of B12 or folic acid deficiency
21
Q

What can cause lymphocytosis?

A
  • often in response to viral infection–> often ‘atypical lymphocytes’ e.g. infectious mononucleosis
  • can result from leukaemia
22
Q

What can cause lymphopenia?

A
  • HIV infection
  • chemotherapy
  • radiotherapy
  • corticosteroids
  • severe infection
23
Q

What are causes of monocytosis?

A
  • chronic bacterial infection
  • chronic inflammation
  • some types of leukaemia
24
Q

What are mononuclear cells?

A

monocytes and lymphocytes

25
Q

What can cause eosinophilia?

A
  • in response to parasitic infection or allergy: asthma, eczema, drugs
  • can occur in leukaemia
26
Q

What can cause basophilia?

A

leukaemia or related condition

PoM Block 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions