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Year 1 Anatomy > White Book Cards (BACK) > Flashcards

White Book Cards (BACK) Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebra are found in each of the following regions, Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral and coccygeal?

A 
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccygeal - 1
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2
Q

How many bones does the coccyx comprise of?

A

4

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3
Q

What is the name given to each of the following vertebra, C1, C2, C7?

A

Atlas, Axis, Vertebra Prominens

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4
Q

Which type of vertebra contains the foramen transversarium?

A

The cervical vertebrae

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5
Q

What is the size of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebra?

A

They are small

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6
Q

What direction do the spinous processes of the cervical vertebra extend?

A

Anteriorly, they also have a small spinous process

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7
Q

What is the size of the disk in the cervical vertebra compared to the size of the body?

A

Large disk compared to the size of the body

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8
Q

What direction do the spinous process’ of the thoracic vertebra extend?

A

Most project inferiorly

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9
Q

Do the thoracic vertebra contain articulating facets for ribs?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Describe the structure of the transvers process and the spinous process in the thoracic vertebra?

A

Spinous - Long and fairly thick

Transverse - large

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11
Q

Describe the size of the intervertebral disks in the thoracic vertebra

A

Thin

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12
Q

Describe the structure of the transvers process and the spinous process in the lumbar vertebra?

A

Spinous - Short and blunt

Transverse - Large and blunt

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13
Q

How large are the intervertebral disks in the lumbar region?

A

Massive

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14
Q

What direction do the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebra extend?

A

Posteriorly

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15
Q

Which plane do the articulating facets of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae lie

A

Cervical - Transverse
Thoracic - Coronal
Lumbar - Sigital

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16
Q

What movement is permitted in the cervical, thoracic and the lumbar region?

A

Cervical - just about everything
Thoracic - Lateral flexion and rotation
Lumbar - Flexion and extension

17
Q

Where do the erector spinae muscles lie?

A

Posteriorly between the spinous processes and the transverse processes

18
Q

How is an increased intra-abdominal pressure achieved?

A

Trunk flexors and extensors contract simultaneously

19
Q

Where is the spine of the scapula

A

Spine of T3

20
Q

Where is the inferior spine of the scapula?

A

T7

21
Q

Where is the spine of the iliac crest?

A

l4

22
Q

What causes the plasma to leave the capillary beds?

A

High hydrostatic pressure

23
Q

Where is the germinal centre?

A

In the lymph nodule

24
Q

What are the other parts of the lymph node besides the lymph nodules?

A

Deep cortex, medulla, capsule

25
Q

Where is the thoracic duct located?

A

On the vertebral bodies between the azygous vein and the aorta on the right side of the posterior thoracic wall.

26
Q

What is drained by the right lymphatic duct?

A

The upper right quadrant

27
Q

What does the thoracic duct drain into?

A

The medial end of the left subclavian vein.

28
Q

What is the function of the filum terminale?

A

Anchors the spinal chord

29
Q

Describe the shape of the dorsal horn

A

Long and thin

30
Q

Between what two structures is the spinal epidural space found?

A

Between the spinal dura and the periosteum covering the vertebral bodies

31
Q

What is found in the fatty tissue in epidural space?

A

Small arteries and a network of internal venous complexes

32
Q

What is the function of the vertebral venous plexus?

A

Drains the vertebrae and the spinal cord

Also provides a possible route of the communication for the metastasis of cancer cells.

Between the body wall and the CNS

33
Q

Why is the term slipped disk is a misnomer?

A

The disks do not protrude beyond the vertebral bodies to which they are firmly attached

Year 1 Anatomy (4 decks)

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