White blood cells (test 1) Flashcards
What is the other name for white blood cells (WBCs)?
leykocytes
What are natural killer (NK) cells and what do they do?
They are a small group lymphocytes, similar to T-cells, which circulate in blood and lymph seeking out and destroying infected cells and cancer cells by stimulating apoptosis.
What’s the main difference between inflammation and fever?
inflammation is a localized reponse while fever is a systemic response
Which of the following produces antibodies?
Plasma B cells
Helper T cells
Complement proteins
Cytotoxic T cells
Plasmsa B cells
Plasma B cells are the B cells producing antibodies during an active infection. Once an infection has been cleared from the body, the plama B cells degenerate, leaving behinf the memory B cells to maintain a basal level of antibodies aganist the foregin antigen.
Which of the following is a function of helper T (TH) cells?
Activate other T cells & B cells
Attack and destroy infected body cells
Mount secondary immune responses
Suppress the activity of B cells
Activate other T cells & B cells
TH cells also activate various aspects of innate immunity, including complement proteins
What are the two main functions of lymph nodes?
1- Filter lymph
2- Activate immune system/ lymphocytes
what immune compenents are part of innate immunity
-Skin and mucous membranes
-Antimicrobial & complement proteins
-Phagocytosis
-Inflammation & fever
-Natural killer cells
what immune compenents are part of Adaptive immunity
- T-lymphocytes
- Antibodies
- B-lymphocytes
What are the main types of cells found circulating in lymph and within lymph tissue
- Monocytes/ Macrophages
- B-lymphocytes
- Natural killer cells
- T-lymphocytes
What is leukopenia?
A lower than normal white blood cell (WBC) count.
What are the causes of Leukopenia?
Radiation, shock, autoimmune diseases, immune deficiencies, anemia, leukemia, chemo/toxic drugs, HIV.
What are the effects of Leukopenia?
Weakened immune system, increased risk of infection.
What is Leukocytosis?
A higher than normal WBC count.
what are the causes of Leukocytosis?
Infections, exercise, surgery, stress, trauma, pregnancy, drugs, cancer, blood disorders.
What are the effcts of Leukocytosis?
Can be a normal immune response or sign of disease.
What is Leukemia?
A cancer of white blood cells, causing them to grow uncontrollably.
What is the cause of Leukemia?
Genetic change in blood cells
signs and symptoms of leukemia?
Fatigue, infections, bleeding, weigh loss, swollem lymph nodes.
Types of leukemia?
ALL- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
AML- Acute Myeloid Leukemia
CLL- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
CML- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
What is ALL: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
fast-growing, affects immature lymphocytes.
what is AML: Acute Myeloid Leukemia
fast-growing, affects immature myeloid cells.
what is CLL: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
slow-growing, affects mature lymphocytes.
what is CML: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
slow-growing, affects mature myeloid cells.
Patho of leukemia?
Abnormal white blood cells crowd out healthy cells in the bone marrow. which results in Low red cells (anemia), low platelets (bleeding), low healthy WBCs (infections).
