Whats In A Medicine

Question 1

What’s the formula of a carboxylic acid?

Answer 1

O
           //
R — C
           \
           OH

Question 2

What’s the formulae of a phenol?

Answer 2

___
/ O \ — OH
\ ___ /

Question 3

What is the formulae of an acid anhydride

Answer 3

R—C—O—C—R
|| ||
O O

Question 4

What’s the formulae of an Ester?

Answer 4

O
||
R—C—O—R

Question 5

What’s the formulae of an aldehyde

Answer 5

O
       //
R—C
        \
        H

Question 6

What’s the formulae of an ether?

Answer 6

R—O—R

Question 7

What’s the formulae of a ketone

Answer 7

R
  \ 
  C=O
  /
R

Question 8

Is phenol acidic or alkaline?

Answer 8

Acidic (weak)

Question 9

What don’t phenols react with?

Answer 9

Carbonate solutions (not a strong enough base)

Question 10

What’s the result of a phenol test with neutral iron(III) chloride solution

Answer 10

Purple colouration

Question 11

What do phenols react with to form an Ester?

Answer 11

Acid anhydrides

Question 12

What do alcohols react with to form an ester?

Answer 12

Carboxylic acids with sulfuric acid or HCl

Or with an acid anhydride (forms an ester and carboxylic acid)

Question 13

What can a primary alcohol be oxidised to?

Answer 13

Aldehyde and carboxylic acid

Question 14

What is a primary alcohol?

Answer 14

OH bonded to a carbon bonded to one other carbon

Question 15

How is a primary alcohol oxidised to an aldehyde

Answer 15

Acidified potassium dichromate

gently heated and distilled

Question 16

How is a primary alcohol oxidised to a carboxylic acid?

Answer 16

Heated under reflux

Acidified potassium dichromate

Question 17

What is a secondary alcohol?

Answer 17

Oh bonded to a carbon bonded to two other carbons

Question 18

What is secondary alcohol oxidised to?

Answer 18

Ketone

Question 19

How do you oxidise a secondary alcohol?

Answer 19

Heat under reflux
acidified potassium dichromate
Produces ketone

Question 20

What is a tertiary alcohol?

Answer 20

Oh bonded to a carbon bonded to three other carbons

Question 21

What can a tertiary alcohol be oxidised to?

Answer 21

Nothing

Question 22

What is required for dehydration of an alcohol?

Answer 22

Heated Al2O3

Reflux with conc H2SO4

Question 23

How do you make a haloalkane from an alcohol

Answer 23

A substitution reaction using a compound with a halide ion (eg. HCl)

Question 24

What does refluxing do?

Answer 24

Makes sure you don’t lose volatile organic substances

Question 25

What equipment is used in refluxing? (4)

Answer 25

Round bottom flask Liebig condenser Electric heating anti bumping granules

Question 26

What does distillation do?

Answer 26

Separates substances with different boiling points

Question 27

What equipment is used in distillation? (3)

Answer 27

Thermometre Condenser Heat

Question 28

What does redistillation do?

Answer 28

Purify volatile liquids

Question 29

What does separation do?

Answer 29

Removes water soluble impurities from the product

Question 30

What equipment is used in separation?

Answer 30

Separating funnel

Question 31

How can you remove water from a product?

Answer 31

By drying it using an anhydrous salt (sodium sulfate) | Then filter to separate the drying agent

Question 32

What is filtration used for?

Answer 32

To isolate solid organic products

Question 33

What equipment is used in vacuum filtration?

Answer 33

Buchner Funnel Sealed side arm flask Vacuum line

Question 34

How do you do recrystallisation?

Answer 34

Add minimum amount of hot solvent to impure solid This gives a saturated solution Leave solution to cool down slowly as crystals form Remove crystals by filtration and wash with cold solvent dry crystals

Question 35

What is recrystallisation used for?

Answer 35

Purifying organic solids

Question 36

What is important about the choice of solvent for recrystallisation?

Answer 36

Solid is soluble in hot solvent but not in cold solvent

Question 37

What are two ways you can measure purity?

Answer 37

Melting point, Thin Layer chromatography

Question 38

What oxidising agent do you use to oxidise alcohols?

Answer 38

Acidified Pottassium Dichromate