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Chemistry > Whats In A Medicine > Flashcards

Whats In A Medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the formula of a carboxylic acid?

A 
O
           //
R — C
           \
           OH
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2
Q

What’s the formulae of a phenol?

A

___
/ O \ — OH
\ ___ /

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3
Q

What is the formulae of an acid anhydride

A

R—C—O—C—R
|| ||
O O

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4
Q

What’s the formulae of an Ester?

A

O
||
R—C—O—R

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5
Q

What’s the formulae of an aldehyde

A 
O
       //
R—C
        \
        H
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6
Q

What’s the formulae of an ether?

A

R—O—R

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7
Q

What’s the formulae of a ketone

A 
R
  \ 
  C=O
  /
R
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8
Q

Is phenol acidic or alkaline?

A

Acidic (weak)

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9
Q

What don’t phenols react with?

A

Carbonate solutions (not a strong enough base)

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10
Q

What’s the result of a phenol test with neutral iron(III) chloride solution

A

Purple colouration

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11
Q

What do phenols react with to form an Ester?

A

Acid anhydrides

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12
Q

What do alcohols react with to form an ester?

A

Carboxylic acids with sulfuric acid or HCl

Or with an acid anhydride (forms an ester and carboxylic acid)

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13
Q

What can a primary alcohol be oxidised to?

A

Aldehyde and carboxylic acid

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14
Q

What is a primary alcohol?

A

OH bonded to a carbon bonded to one other carbon

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15
Q

How is a primary alcohol oxidised to an aldehyde

A

Acidified potassium dichromate

gently heated and distilled

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16
Q

How is a primary alcohol oxidised to a carboxylic acid?

A

Heated under reflux

Acidified potassium dichromate

17
Q

What is a secondary alcohol?

A

Oh bonded to a carbon bonded to two other carbons

18
Q

What is secondary alcohol oxidised to?

A

Ketone

19
Q

How do you oxidise a secondary alcohol?

A

Heat under reflux
acidified potassium dichromate
Produces ketone

20
Q

What is a tertiary alcohol?

A

Oh bonded to a carbon bonded to three other carbons

21
Q

What can a tertiary alcohol be oxidised to?

A

Nothing

22
Q

What is required for dehydration of an alcohol?

A

Heated Al2O3

Reflux with conc H2SO4

23
Q

How do you make a haloalkane from an alcohol

A

A substitution reaction using a compound with a halide ion (eg. HCl)

24
Q

What does refluxing do?

A

Makes sure you don’t lose volatile organic substances

25
Q

What equipment is used in refluxing? (4)

A

Round bottom flask
Liebig condenser
Electric heating
anti bumping granules

26
Q

What does distillation do?

A

Separates substances with different boiling points

27
Q

What equipment is used in distillation? (3)

A

Thermometre
Condenser
Heat

28
Q

What does redistillation do?

A

Purify volatile liquids

29
Q

What does separation do?

A

Removes water soluble impurities from the product

30
Q

What equipment is used in separation?

A

Separating funnel

31
Q

How can you remove water from a product?

A

By drying it using an anhydrous salt (sodium sulfate)

Then filter to separate the drying agent

32
Q

What is filtration used for?

A

To isolate solid organic products

33
Q

What equipment is used in vacuum filtration?

A

Buchner Funnel
Sealed side arm flask
Vacuum line

34
Q

How do you do recrystallisation?

A

Add minimum amount of hot solvent to impure solid
This gives a saturated solution
Leave solution to cool down slowly as crystals form
Remove crystals by filtration and wash with cold solvent
dry crystals

35
Q

What is recrystallisation used for?

A

Purifying organic solids

36
Q

What is important about the choice of solvent for recrystallisation?

A

Solid is soluble in hot solvent but not in cold solvent

37
Q

What are two ways you can measure purity?

A

Melting point, Thin Layer chromatography

38
Q

What oxidising agent do you use to oxidise alcohols?

A

Acidified Pottassium Dichromate

Chemistry (8 decks)

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