what you need to know Flashcards

1
Q

Total costs

A

Fixed costs + Variable costs

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2
Q

Profit

A

Total revenue – Total costs
OR
Total contribution – Fixed costs

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3
Q

Variable costs (Total variable costs)

A

Variable cost per unit x Number of units sold

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4
Q

Total revenue (Sales revenue or Turnover)

A

Selling price per unit x Number of units sold

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5
Q

Market capitalisation of a business

A

Number of issued shares x Current share price

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6
Q

Expected value of a decision with two possible outcomes - A & B

A

[Pay-off of A x probability of A] + [Pay-off of B x probability of B]

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7
Q

In a decision tree Net gain

A

Expected value – Initial cost of decision

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8
Q

Market size (volume)

A

market size is the quantity of goods and services produced in a particular market over a period of time (usually one year).

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9
Q

Market size (value)

A

is the total sales revenue generated from selling all of the goods and services produced in a particular market over a period of time (usually one year).

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10
Q

Sales volume is

A

the quantity of goods and services produced by a particular business over a period of time (usually one year).

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11
Q

Sales value

A

the total sales revenue of a particular business over a period of time (usually one year).

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12
Q

Market growth (%) in year ‘X’

A

Change in the size of the market between year (X-1) and year X/Size of market in year (X-1) x100

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13
Q

Sales growth (%) in year ‘X’

A

(sales figure in year x - sales figure in year x-1)/ sales figure in year x-1 x 100

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14
Q

Market share (%)

A

Sales of one product OR brand OR business/Total sales in the market x100

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15
Q

Price elasticity of demand

A

% change in quantity demanded/ % change in the price

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16
Q

Price inelastic demand has a coefficient in the range

A

0 to –1.

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17
Q

Price elastic demand has a coefficient in the range

A

–1 to – ∞.

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18
Q

Added value (value added)

A

sales revenue- cost of production

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19
Q

Labour productivity

A

output in a given time period/ number of employees

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20
Q

Unit costs (average costs)

A

total costs/output

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21
Q

Capacity utilisation (%)

A

actual output/maximum output x100

22
Q

Re-order quantity

A

Lead time (in days) x Average daily usage

Reorder quantity is the total number of product units you request from a manufacturer or supplier on an inventory replenishment purchase order

23
Q

Re-order level

A

Re-order quantity + Minimum inventory level

24
Q

Return on investment (%)

A

return on investment/ cost of investment x 100

25
Gross Profit
Sales Revenue – Cost of Sales
26
Operating profit
gross profit (Sales Revenue – Cost of Sales)– Operating Expenses
27
Profit for year
(Operating profit + Profit from other activities)– Net finance costs – Tax
28
what is a Variance
The difference between an actual and a budgeted figure.
29
what is a favourable varience
when the actual outcome serves the business better then the budgeted outcome
30
what is a adverse varience
when the actual outcome is worse of for the business then the budgeted outcome
31
Contribution per unit
Selling price – Variable costs per unit
32
Total contribution
Contribution per unit x Units produced/sold OR Total contribution = Total revenue minus Total variable costs
33
Break-even output
fixed costs/ contriubution per unit x 100 Output at which total revenue covers total costs
34
at what point on a break even graph does the break even level of output occur
where total revenue is equal to total costs
35
how do you calculate the level of profit from a break even diagram
vertical distance between total revenue and total cost curves
36
Margin of safety
Actual level of output – Breakeven level of output
37
Gross profit margin (%)
gross profit/ sales revenue x 100
38
Operating profit margin (%)
operating profit/ sales revenue x 100
39
Profit for year margin (%)
profit for year/ sales revenue x 100
40
Labour turnover (%)
Number of staff leaving during the year/ Average number of staff employed by the business during the year x 100
41
Employee retention rate (%) for a particular time period
Number of employees at end of period – number of leavers / Number of employees at end of period x 100
42
Employee costs as percentage of turnover
Employee costs/ Sales turnover x 100
43
Labour cost per unit
Labour costs/ Units of output
44
Return on capital employed (ROCE)
Operating profit/ Total equity plus non-current liabilities x 100
45
Current ratio
current assets/ current liabilitys
46
Gearing (%)
Non-current liabilities/ Total equity plus non-current liabilities x 100
47
capital employed
total equity + non-current liabilities
48
Payables days
Payables/ Cost of sales x 365
49
Receivables days
Receivables/ Sales revenue x 365
50
Inventory turnover
Cost of goods sold/ Average inventories held
51
Average rate of return (%)
(Net return from project (£)/ number of years)/ Initial cost of project (£) x 100