What was the extent and nature of colonial control in Australia 1803-1829? Flashcards
When was the Bigge report?
1822
What did the Bigge report state in terms of land
Land given to free settlers only
Convicts assigned on sheep farms
Land grants and tickets of leave to cease
What did the Bigge report state in terms of settlers
Women as domestic servants
More settlers to be sent over
What did the Bigge report aim to set up?
Secondary site to punish convicts
Judicial independence for courts
When did Macquarie resign?
1821 and lost his rights to a pension
Who became the governor after Macquarie?
Thomas Brisbane
What was John Macarthur granted after the Bigge report?
1 million acres of land for sheep farming
When was the NSW act?
1823
What did the NSW act do?
Create a legislative council and a supreme court
What could the newly created legislative council do?
Met and had power to overrule the governor and decide taxes
What did VDL become under the NSW act?
A separate colony
When was the Australia court act?
1828
What did the Australia court act state?
That the governor could appoint members
Oath of secrecy ended
How many days notice was the governor required to give when trying to make new proposals
6 days
When was Macquarie harbour set up?
1822
When was Maria island set up?
1825
When was Port Arthur in VDL set up?
1830
Who were sent in Port Arthur?
Male conficts
How many female factories were set up?
5
Who was sent to VDL?
Re-offenders
Of the 1136 prisoners sent to VDL what % were convicted for violent offences?
3%
When was VDL discovered and by who?
1643 by A dutch navigator Abel Tasman
When did VDL become a British colony?
1803
When did VDL become a separate province?
1825
What did George Arthur believe in?
Strict religious and class views
Totalitarian system
How many convicts did George Arthur have executed between 1824-1836?
260
How was VDL ran?
It was divided into districts
Controlled by the police
Harsh treatment
What happened if settlers misbehaved?
Convict labour was removed and they were blacklisted
When was Port Puer set up?
1835
What was Port Puer set up for?
Remove young offenders from influence of hardened felons
Taught trades
Religion and education
How many convicts were sent to Norfolk island?
183
Why was sending convicts to Norfolk island essential for survival?
Rations back at Sydney cove were just enough for the remaining convicts to survive
Who went to Norfolk island?
Men from NSW and VDL who committed further capital offences
What was the working day in summer?
8 am to 9:30
What was the working day in winter?
Convicts got a 1 hour lunch break
What day was a half day?
Saturday
What was Sunday used for?
Recreation, washing and religion
When were some of the riots?
1826, 1834, 1846
How did the convicts get out of work?
Refusal, poor stabdard on purpose, fake illness and traffiking
When did Norfolk island close?
1835
How did the convicts find food?
Hunted wild pig due to the lack of food
How many expeditions were there trying to cross the blue mountains?
10
Who successfully managed to cross the blue mountains and when?
Blaxland, lawson and Wentworth in 1813
How many convicts built a road across thee blue mountains and how long did it take?
60 convicts built the road in 6 months, they were promised freedom as an incentive
When was Macquarie river founded?
25 April 1815
What did Lord Bathhurst believe?
That convicts should work for private enterprises only
What was the cost of having convicts work for the government?
£3 million
How much were exports of sheep wool worth in 1830?
£2 million
How did sheep farming help economic growth?
Britain lost Spain as their main source of wool after the Napoleonic wars
How many sheep were there in 1820 compared to 1830?
1820: 100,000
1830: 1 million
When was the Australian agricultural company established?
1824
How many acres did the Australian agricultural company have in 1832?
1 million acres
What % of exports did whaling account for in 1832?
52%
How many whales were killed in 1845?
26,000
Why was it easier to hunt seals?
Quicker, cheaper and safer
What did they get from seals?
Oil, hide and blubber
Between 1801 and 1810 how many seals were killed?
150,000 seals
Why did they expand into Western Australia?
To stop the French
Expand trading with India and China
Stop escaped convicts from settling there
What was the 1826 attempt to expand into Western Australia
Governor Darling sent soldiers and 50 convicts and failed
When was the settlement of Melvile island?
1824-1828 (failed)
When was the settlement of fort Wellington?
1827-1829 (failed)
Who set up the swan river company?
James Stirling and Thomas Peel and they received backing from Solomon Levey
Why was Solomon Levey not mentioned in the company?
He twas transported for stealing a chest of tea but became a merchant, banker, landowner and philanthropist
How did the government help settlers settle in Western Australia?
Tory government allowed private capitalists to raise money to establish settlers at Swan River
How many acres were the swan river company given?
250,000
How many acres were the swan river company given if they had 400 settlers?
250,000 more acres
When did the settlers have to arrive in Western Australia by?
November 1829
How many acres were given to the swan river company if they were successful after 21 years?
500,000 acres
What was wrong with Western Australia?
Soil was barren and thick with trees
In what year did Western Australia grow enough wheat to feed themselves?
1835
What happened to Thomas Peel?
His acreage was swept away by bushfire
He sent no report to Levy
Slipped into poverty
Why was no one aware of what happened in Western Australia?
Because no report was sent to Levey, the colonial office had no info on him so had no way of knowing what was happening
How many colonists were in Western Australia in 1832?
1500
How many colonists were in Western Australia in 1850?
5862
