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Nazi Germany revision cards > What was life like for German people when the Nazis were in charge? > Flashcards

What was life like for German people when the Nazis were in charge? Flashcards

1
Q

1Who was Heinrich Himmler?

A

Himmler was in charge of all the Nazis’ work to do with ‘terror’ as a means of controlling people.

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2
Q

What was the SS?

A

Himmler was in charge of all the Nazis’ work to do with ‘terror’ as a means of controlling people.

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3
Q

What were concentration camps used for?

A

For the imprisonment of anybody who opposed the Nazis eg Jews, Communists, Socialists, trade unionists, church leaders.

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4
Q

What were the Gestapo?

A

The state secret police. Could arrest, imprison and torture people without trial.

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5
Q

How did the work of the police and courts change?

A

The police continued their duties but also needed to report on anti-Nazi activity. Crimes committed by Nazis were ignored. In the courts, all judges were Nazis so a fair trial became impossible.

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6
Q

In 1933 the number of crimes carrying the death penalty was 3, what was it by 1943?

A

46

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7
Q

What did informers do?

A

Kept an eye on the people living in their ‘block,’ collected weekly ‘donations’ to the Nazis and reported on anti-Nazi activity.

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8
Q

Who was Josef Goebbels?

A

Goebbels was in charge of all the Nazi’s work to do with propaganda as a means of controlling people.

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9
Q

How were German newspapers affected by the Nazis?

A

Goebbels’ Ministry of Propaganda sent daily instructions to newspapers telling them what to print etc.

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10
Q

What happened at Nazi rallies?

A

Hundreds of thousands of Nazis would march around and show their support for Hitler. They were intimidating displays of order and control.

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11
Q

What were the book burnings?

A

All books not approved of by the Nazis were publicly burned. Eg. Books by Communists, socialists or Jews.

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12
Q

What did the Nazis do regarding radio?

A

Produced cheap radios called ‘people’s receivers’ for everyone to buy then regularly broadcasted Hitler’s speeches and other pro-Nazi, pro-German content. Overseas radio stations were not allowed to be listened to.

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13
Q

How did the Nazis use cinema?

A

As well as making pro-Nazi or anti-Semitic films (such as ‘the Eternal Jew’) the pre-film newsreels were all made by Goebbels’ Minsitry of Propaganda.

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14
Q

Why wasn’t there much opposition to the Nazis?

A

People were too afraid to act, didn’t want to act through fear of losing a good deal (incentives etc.) or the action they did take was not powerful enough eg. Passive resistance.

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15
Q

Which former political opponents of the Nazis continued to oppose them?

A

Socialists, Communists and trade union members.

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16
Q

What did the former political opponents do to oppose the Nazis?

A

Held secret meetings, wrote anti Nazi graffiti, organised strikes, handed out leaflets.

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17
Q

What deal did Hitler make with the Catholic church?

A

A Concordat made with the Pope in 1933 ensured he would not interfere in or speak out against Nazi politics on the condition that German Catholics would be left alone.

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18
Q

How did Hitler start to change the Protestant church in Germany?

A

Started to organise all Protestant churches into one ‘Reich church.’ Slogan: ‘the swastika on our chests and the cross in our hearts.’

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19
Q

Who was Dietrich Bonhoffer?

A

He trained young Protestants ministers and publicly declared that to support the Nazis was anti-Christian. He was eventually executed in 1945.

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20
Q

Who were the White Rose Group, what did they do and what happened to them?

A

A small group of university students led by Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl and Christoph Probst. They spread anti nazi messages through leaflets, posters and graffiti. Tortured and executed in 1943.

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21
Q

Who were the Edelweiss Pirates, what did they do and what happened to them?

A

Local groups of working class young people who were anti-Nazi and anti-Hitler. They sung songs making fun of Hitler, had sex, drunk a lot and in later years some groups helped prisoners of war and Jews to escape the Nazis. In Cologne 1944, some Pirates were hanged.

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22
Q

What were the Swing groups, what did they do and what happened to them?

A

Groups of Middle class students who continued to drink, smoke and dance to ‘swing’ music despite not being allowed to. Some even set up swing clubs which were periodically shut down by the Nazis.

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23
Q

What month and year did the army make an attempt to blow up Hitler?

A

July 1944.

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24
Q

Name the German army colonel who organised the bomb plot.

A

Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg.

25
Q

Why did the bomb plot to kill Hitler not succeed?

A

The briefcase containing the bomb was moved behind a table leg which offered Hitler some protection from the blast so he was not killed.

26
Q

What did the Nazis mean by Aryan?

A

Blond hair, blue eyes, the ideal German.

27
Q

Who did the Nazis class as ‘undesirable?’

A

Jews, gypsies, black people, Slavs, homosexuals, disabled people, mentally ill people…

28
Q

Who was Gertrude Scholtz-Klink?

A

Head of the Nazi women’s bureau.

29
Q

What did the Nazis want from German women?

A

They wanted them to be plain, pure, produce lots of baby, not have jobs, be home-makers.

30
Q

Why did the Nazis have to alter their plans with regard to the role of women in German society?

A

World war 2 started meaning many men had to leave their jobs and go to war. Many women were drafted for a ;duty year’ of working.

31
Q

What were the Nazis three main aims for the German economy in 1933?

A

Reduce unemployment, rearm Germany, make Germany economically self-sufficient.

32
Q

What were the three key problems facing the Nazis economic aims in 1933?

A

Difficulty exporting goods due to world depression, Germany short of essential raw materials, Germany couldn’t afford to pay for many imports.

33
Q

Who was Doctor Schacht? What did he do? What happened to him?

A

Schacht was Minister of the economy from 1934. A brilliant financial expert, his New Plan solved the economic crisis in Germany and allowed Hitler to rearm his forces. However, he began to clash with Hitler concerning the speed of rearming for war. He resigned in 1937 and later ended up in a concentration camp.

34
Q

Who was Doctor Schacht? What did he do? What happened to him?

A

Hermann Goering

35
Q

What was the Four Year Plan?

A

A plan to prepare Germany for war within four years. Proposed in 1937 when Goering took over as head of the economy, the plan famously had the slogan ‘arms not butter.’

36
Q

How successful was the four year plan?

A

Not fully successful; by 1939 Germany still depended on foreign imports for one third of its raw materials.

37
Q

What does ‘indoctrinate’ mean?

A

Indoctrinate means make people think the way you want them to without them realising it.

38
Q

Why were young people so important for the Nazis?

A

They could be fully indoctrinated and were the future of Hitler’s Germany.

39
Q

What were the two main ways the Nazis aimed to get through to German children?

A

Through schools and youth programmes.

40
Q

What sorts of activities were provided for boys and girls of the Hitler Youth?

A

Boys: hiking, running, jumping, war games and training. Girls: keeping fit home making

41
Q

How did the Nazis alter what was taught at school (give an example)?

A

The whole curriculum was brought in line with Nazi ideas and teachers who refused to teach them were sacked. Eg. Biology taught about the physical superiority of Aryans and Geography taught students about lands that were once German and needed to be retaken.

42
Q

Who was Robert Ley and what was the DAF?

A

Doctor Robert Ley was in charge of the DAF (Deutshe Arbeitsfront), a workers organisation that all German workers had to join.

43
Q

What did DAF workers do?

A

Building projects such a motorways, hospitals, schools and other public buildings.

44
Q

What was ‘Beauty of Labour?’

A

A DAF organisation: persuaded employers to improve working conditions and factories.

45
Q

What was ‘Strength Through Joy?’

A

A DAF organisation: organised the leisure time of workers and offered incentives. Eg. Volkswagen cars and Nazi cruise ships.

46
Q

Who was Ludwig Muller?

A

Reich Bishop Miller was the pro-Nazi in charge of all the Protestant churches of Germany that had been brought together as one ‘reich church.’

47
Q

What was ‘The Faith Movement?’

A

A Nazi alternative to Christianity. Pagan in nature, it was popular mainly with SS members.

48
Q

What Anti-Semitic activity did the Nazis call for within days of taking power?

A

A boycott of Jewish shops and businesses.

49
Q

What were the Nuremberg laws and when were they passed?

A

Passed in 1935, the Nuremberg Laws made Jews ‘subjects’ rather than citizens, thus reducing their rights. It also banned marriages between Jews and Aryans.

50
Q

When was and what happened on Kristallnacht?

A

Kristallnacht occurred on 9-10th November 1938. Nazis destroyed Jewish homes, shops and synagogues in a night of organised terror.

51
Q

How many Jews were murdered in the Holocaust?

A

6 million.

52
Q

What was the ‘Final Solution’ and when was it agreed?

A

Agreed in 1942, the Final solution was the Nazi plan to exterminate all Jewish people as the only workable answer to what they called ‘The Jewish problem.’

53
Q

Why did so few Jews resist the Holocaust?

A

Fear, trickery on the part of the Nazis (eg the shower rooms), the gradual nature of Anti-Semitic discrimination, hope hat if they did not cause a fuss it would all stop.

54
Q

Why didn’t other countries try to stop the Holocaust?

A

Not all countries knew what was going on. Those that did, eg Britain, put winning WW2 as their priority.

55
Q

What were the years of the Second World War?

A

1939-45.

56
Q

What style of buildings did German architecture aim to mimic?

A

Ancient civilisations and empires such as the Greeks and the Romans.

57
Q

What sorts of works would you see in the ‘House of German’ art?

A

Approved works depicting scenes of wholesome life in Nazi Germany.

58
Q

What sorts of works would you see in the ‘Degenerate art’ collection?

A

Any art that had been banned by the Reich chamber of commerce. They would be displayed without frames and labelled with rude explanations or filthy jokes.

59
Q

Who was Albert Speer?

A

Nazi architect who designed many of the most striking new buildings in Germany.

Nazi Germany revision cards (3 decks)

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