How was Germany governed before the Nazis? Flashcards
What and when was the Munich putsch?
1923, Hitler and the Nazis first attempt to take power in Germany by capturing the government with their SA troops in Munich. Beaten by the police and the army following which Hitler was sent to prison.
By 1912, what did the Kaiser realise was one way to unite his country and stop the complaints of the SDP?
Get Germany into a war (WW1).
Who were the Friekorps?
Groups of ex-soldiers who continued serving despite not being paid in attempt to help Germany through its troubled times.
What was Article 48?
Said that in an emergency the President could make laws without the Reichstag.
Who was Stressemann, when was he around?
Chancellor of Germany in 1923.
How was the Weimar constitution organised?
President – Chancellor – Reichstag (German parliament) – people.
What was the year and details of the Kaiser’s second Naval law?
- Doubled the number of battleships to be built each year (to 38).
What is the positive way some people remember Stresemann?
That he solved Germany’s economic problems, improved international relations and brought stability.
What did Stressemann do to solve the crisis?
Convinced striking workers in the Ruhr to return to their jobs, new currency, the Locarno pact for improved international relations and got Germany financial aid from America.
What was the year and details of the Kaiser’s first Naval law?
1898 - added an additional 7 battleships to the total built each year (to a total of 19).
What is the negative way some people remember Stresemann?
That he didn’t properly fix any of Germany’s problems. He just used loans from America to make people think they were fixed.
True or false, the period in Germany after Stressemann became Chancellor is referred to as ‘The Golden Twenties’?
True
Who convinced striking workers in the Ruhr to return to their jobs, new currency, the Locarno pact for improved international relations and got Germany financial aid from America?
Stresseman
Why was Democracy a problem for the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
The Kaiser’s right wing friends were declining in influence. Left wing parties (concerned with workers rights) were growing.
How did the Kaiser solve the problem of industrialisation?
He gained the support of rich businessmen to improve Germany’s industrial strength. The growth in population (40 million in 1871 to 68 million in 1914) also helped.
What were the three main problems facing the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
Industrialisation, socialism, democracy.
What and when was the Kapp putsch?
1920, Friekorps leader Wolfgang Kapp unsuccessfully tried to seize control from the Weimar government in Berlin. Workers in Berlin refused to accept this and went on strike, causing Kapp to flee.
Who set up the SDP (Social Democratic Party)?
German workers who were still unhappy with inequality in the Kaiser’s Germany.
What and when was the ‘Red Rising’ in the Ruhr?
1920: A group of workers, led by Communists who were angry about pay and working conditions. They occupied the Ruhr region of Germany and took over its raw materials but were beaten by the German army and Friekorps/.
What was proportional representation?
Political parties were allocated seats in line with the number of votes received.
What was the military impact of the Kaiser’s naval laws?
Encouraged war.
Give details of the three problems that affected Germany in 1923.
The French occupation of the Ruhr, hyperinflation and the Munich Putsch.
Why was industrialisation a problem for the Kaiser in the early 1900s?
Germany’s Navy and steel production was half that of Britain’s. Wilhelm wanted Germany to be just as great as Britain.
What was the political impact of the Kaiser’s naval laws?
They won him lots of support as played upon people’s sense of patriotism.
