What Type of Drug Is This?

Question 1

Paroxetine

Answer 1

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

Question 2

Mirtazapine

Answer 2

noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA)

Question 2

Ibuprofen

Answer 2

Non steroidal anti inflammatory drug NSAID, with analgesic and anti inflammatory properties

Question 3

Amitriptyline

Answer 3

Tricyclic antidepressant

Question 3

Mefenamic acid

Answer 3

Prescription non steroidal anti inflammatory drug NSAID, with analgesic and anti inflammatory properties

Question 4

Phenelzine

Answer 4

• antidepressant and anxiolytic (anti anxiety)
• non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class

Question 4

Naproxen

Answer 4

Prescription non steroidal anti inflammatory drug NSAID, with analgesic and anti inflammatory properties

Question 5

Anti D immunoglobulin

Answer 5

IgG anti RhesusD antibodies, which destroy Rhesus positive fetal RBCs in the mothers blood.

Question 5

Tranexamic acid

Answer 5

Anti fibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage such as menorrhagia.

Question 6

Carvedilol

Answer 6

It is a non selective beta blocker and an alpha 1 blocker, used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.

Question 7

Cefuroxime

Answer 7

Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic - works like penicillin - disrupts the synthesis of the (inner) peptidoglycan layer by binding its beta-lactam ring to penicillin-binding-proteins in the bacteria.

Question 8

Erythromycin

Answer 8

Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic. The macrolides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by an effect on translocation. They bind to the 50S subunit on the ribosome of the bacteria. It has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often used for people who have an allergy to penicillins.

Question 9

Atenolol (type, MOA x 3)

Answer 9

• Beta blocker - selective beta 1 antagonist: slows down the heart and reduces its workload. Developed as a replacement for propranolol. No longer the first line treatment for hypertension.
• The benefits of beta blockade in patients with stable angina are provided by a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand.
• Myocardial oxygen demand varies directly with heart rate, contractility, and afterload, each of which is diminished by beta blockade.
• B-blockers cause a decrease in renin secretion, which lowers blood pressure (and afterload) by lowering extracellular volume and increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.
• B-Blockers inhibit the synthesis of cAMP which in turn decreases Ca++ influx into the cell and decreases contractility.
• Beta blockers reduce heart rate, allowing the ventricles to fill more completely and increasing the ejection fraction, stroke volume and cardiac output of the heart

Question 10

Atorvastatin

Answer 10

A statin: used for reducing plasma cholesterol by inhibiting the production of cholesterol in the liver.

Question 11

Glyceryl Trinitrate

Answer 11

A vasodilator. Primarily used to prevent angina, also treats hypertension before and during surgery and to treat congestive heart failure caused by MI.

Question 12

Aspirin

Answer 12

NSAID: used as an analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory and anticoagulant (because it inhibits platelet aggregation)

Question 13

Diamorphine

Answer 13

Heroin: a narcotic analgesic which can be addictive

Question 14

Clopidogrel

Answer 14

An anticoagulant: inhibits platelet aggregation

Question 15

tPA such as Tenecteplase

Answer 15

tissue plasminogen activator: A clot dissolver: Coverts plasminogen into plasmin, which dissolves fibrin clots (fibrinolysis)

Question 16

Ramipril

Answer 16

ACE inhibitor: vasodilator used to lower blood pressure

Question 17

Bendroflumethazide

Answer 17

Causes vasodilation which lowers blood pressure. Used in higher doses to remove excess water from the body by increasing urine production. A thiazide diuretic.

Question 18

Amlodipine

Answer 18

Calcium channel blocker. Vasodilator used to lower blood pressure, treat angina and treat abnormal heart rhythms.

Question 19

Losartan

Answer 19

Vasodilator used to lower blood pressure. An angiotensin-receptor-blocker (ARB blocker) often used instead of an ACE inhibitor if the latter is not tolerated.

Question 20

Warfarin

Answer 20

An anticoagulant which inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K dependant coagulation factors.

Question 21

Unfractionated Heparin

Answer 21

Anticoagulant. Used to treat venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and to prevent clotting in arterial and cardiac surgery. - accelerates the rate at which Antithrombin 3 inactivates the coagulation enzymes Thrombin and Factor 10a, therefore inhibits the reactions that lead to clotting of the blood.

Question 22

LMWH eg Enoxaparin

Answer 22

Low molecular weight heparin. Anticoagulant. For the prophylaxis of DVT and prophylaxis of ischemic complications of unstable angina.

Question 23

Vitamin K

Answer 23

Promotes coagulation - for the treatment of haemorrhagic conditions and coagulation disorders. May counter the actions of Warfarin.

Question 24

Gelofusine

Answer 24

Plasma substitute - used to expand and maintain blood volume after haemorrhage

Question 25

Ferrous sulphate

Answer 25

Iron supplement for the treatment of anaemia

Question 26

Digoxin (2 uses, 2 MOAs)

Answer 26

• Causes myocardial cells to contract with more force, so it is used to treat congestive heart failure. It inhibits the sodium/potassium ATPase pump in myocardial cells resulting in an increase of intracellular sodium, which in turn promotes calcium influx via the sodium-calcium exchange pump leading to increased contractility.
• Slows down the action potential at the AV node by increasing the refractory period of the conducting cells. Therefore it is used to treat supraventricular arrhythmias (ones that begin above the ventricles such as AF) to slow the ventricular rate down to normal.

Question 27

Furosemide (type, use, MOA, risks)

Answer 27

• A loop diuretic - allows the body to expel excess fluid by increasing the volume of urine.
• Furosemide inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by blocking the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.By inhibiting the transporter, the loop diuretics reduce the reabsorption of NaCl and K+.
• Excessive dehydration and potassium depletion (hypokalaemia) are possible side effects.