What Type of Drug?

Question 2

Paroxetine

Answer 2

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

Question 3

Mirtazapine

Answer 3

noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA)

Question 4

Ibuprofen

Answer 4

Non steroidal anti inflammatory drug NSAID, with analgesic and anti inflammatory properties

Question 5

Amitriptyline

Answer 5

Tricyclic antidepressant

Question 6

Mefenamic acid

Answer 6

Prescription non steroidal anti inflammatory drug NSAID, with analgesic and anti inflammatory properties

Question 7

Phenelzine

Answer 7

• antidepressant and anxiolytic (anti anxiety)
• non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class

Question 8

Naproxen

Answer 8

Prescription non steroidal anti inflammatory drug NSAID, with analgesic and anti inflammatory properties

Question 9

Anti D immunoglobulin

Answer 9

IgG anti RhesusD antibodies, which destroy Rhesus positive fetal RBCs in the mothers blood.

Question 10

Tranexamic acid

Answer 10

Anti fibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage such as menorrhagia.

Question 11

Carvedilol

Answer 11

It is a non selective beta blocker and an alpha 1 blocker, used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.

Question 12

Cefuroxime

Answer 12

Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic - works like penicillin - disrupts the synthesis of the (inner) peptidoglycan layer by binding its beta-lactam ring to penicillin-binding-proteins in the bacteria.

Question 13

Erythromycin

Answer 13

Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic. The macrolides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by an effect on translocation. They bind to the 50S subunit on the ribosome of the bacteria. It has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often used for people who have an allergy to penicillins.

Question 14

Atenolol (type, MOA x 3)

Answer 14

• Beta blocker - selective beta 1 antagonist: slows down the heart and reduces its workload. Developed as a replacement for propranolol. No longer the first line treatment for hypertension.
• The benefits of beta blockade in patients with stable angina are provided by a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand.
• Myocardial oxygen demand varies directly with heart rate, contractility, and afterload, each of which is diminished by beta blockade.
• B-blockers cause a decrease in renin secretion, which lowers blood pressure (and afterload) by lowering extracellular volume and increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.
• B-Blockers inhibit the synthesis of cAMP which in turn decreases Ca++ influx into the cell and decreases contractility.
• Beta blockers reduce heart rate, allowing the ventricles to fill more completely and increasing the ejection fraction, stroke volume and cardiac output of the heart

Question 15

Atorvastatin

Answer 15

A statin: used for reducing plasma cholesterol by inhibiting the production of cholesterol in the liver.

Question 16

Glyceryl Trinitrate

Answer 16

A vasodilator. Primarily used to prevent angina, also treats hypertension before and during surgery and to treat congestive heart failure caused by MI.

Question 17

Aspirin

Answer 17

NSAID: used as an analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory and anticoagulant (because it inhibits platelet aggregation)

Question 18

Diamorphine

Answer 18

Heroin: a narcotic analgesic which can be addictive

Question 19

Clopidogrel

Answer 19

An anticoagulant: inhibits platelet aggregation

Question 20

tPA such as Tenecteplase

Answer 20

tissue plasminogen activator: A clot dissolver: Coverts plasminogen into plasmin, which dissolves fibrin clots (fibrinolysis)

Question 21

Ramipril

Answer 21

ACE inhibitor: vasodilator used to lower blood pressure

Question 22

Bendroflumethazide

Answer 22

Causes vasodilation which lowers blood pressure. Used in higher doses to remove excess water from the body by increasing urine production. A thiazide diuretic.

Question 23

Amlodipine

Answer 23

Calcium channel blocker. Vasodilator used to lower blood pressure, treat angina and treat abnormal heart rhythms.

Question 24

Losartan

Answer 24

Vasodilator used to lower blood pressure. An angiotensin-receptor-blocker (ARB blocker) often used instead of an ACE inhibitor if the latter is not tolerated.

Question 25

Warfarin

Answer 25

An anticoagulant which inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K dependant coagulation factors.

Question 26

Unfractionated Heparin

Answer 26

Anticoagulant. Used to treat venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and to prevent clotting in arterial and cardiac surgery. - accelerates the rate at which Antithrombin 3 inactivates the coagulation enzymes Thrombin and Factor 10a, therefore inhibits the reactions that lead to clotting of the blood.

Question 27

LMWH eg Enoxaparin

Answer 27

Low molecular weight heparin. Anticoagulant. For the prophylaxis of DVT and prophylaxis of ischemic complications of unstable angina.

Question 28

Vitamin K

Answer 28

Promotes coagulation - for the treatment of haemorrhagic conditions and coagulation disorders. May counter the actions of Warfarin.

Question 29

Gelofusine

Answer 29

Plasma substitute - used to expand and maintain blood volume after haemorrhage

Question 30

Ferrous sulphate

Answer 30

Iron supplement for the treatment of anaemia

Question 31

Digoxin (2 uses, 2 MOAs)

Answer 31

• Causes myocardial cells to contract with more force, so it is used to treat congestive heart failure. It inhibits the sodium/potassium ATPase pump in myocardial cells resulting in an increase of intracellular sodium, which in turn promotes calcium influx via the sodium-calcium exchange pump leading to increased contractility.
• Slows down the action potential at the AV node by increasing the refractory period of the conducting cells. Therefore it is used to treat supraventricular arrhythmias (ones that begin above the ventricles such as AF) to slow the ventricular rate down to normal.

Question 32

Furosemide (type, use, MOA, risks)

Answer 32

• A loop diuretic - allows the body to expel excess fluid by increasing the volume of urine.
• Furosemide inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by blocking the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.By inhibiting the transporter, the loop diuretics reduce the reabsorption of NaCl and K+.
• Excessive dehydration and potassium depletion (hypokalaemia) are possible side effects.