What Type of Drug? Flashcards
Paroxetine
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
Mirtazapine
noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA)
Ibuprofen
Non steroidal anti inflammatory drug NSAID, with analgesic and anti inflammatory properties
Amitriptyline
Tricyclic antidepressant
Mefenamic acid
Prescription non steroidal anti inflammatory drug NSAID, with analgesic and anti inflammatory properties
Phenelzine
- antidepressant and anxiolytic (anti anxiety)
- non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class
Naproxen
Prescription non steroidal anti inflammatory drug NSAID, with analgesic and anti inflammatory properties
Anti D immunoglobulin
IgG anti RhesusD antibodies, which destroy Rhesus positive fetal RBCs in the mothers blood.
Tranexamic acid
Anti fibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage such as menorrhagia.
Carvedilol
It is a non selective beta blocker and an alpha 1 blocker, used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.
Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic - works like penicillin - disrupts the synthesis of the (inner) peptidoglycan layer by binding its beta-lactam ring to penicillin-binding-proteins in the bacteria.
Erythromycin
Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic. The macrolides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by an effect on translocation. They bind to the 50S subunit on the ribosome of the bacteria. It has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often used for people who have an allergy to penicillins.
Atenolol (type, MOA x 3)
- Beta blocker - selective beta 1 antagonist: slows down the heart and reduces its workload. Developed as a replacement for propranolol. No longer the first line treatment for hypertension.
- The benefits of beta blockade in patients with stable angina are provided by a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand.
- Myocardial oxygen demand varies directly with heart rate, contractility, and afterload, each of which is diminished by beta blockade.
- B-blockers cause a decrease in renin secretion, which lowers blood pressure (and afterload) by lowering extracellular volume and increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.
- B-Blockers inhibit the synthesis of cAMP which in turn decreases Ca++ influx into the cell and decreases contractility.
- Beta blockers reduce heart rate, allowing the ventricles to fill more completely and increasing the ejection fraction, stroke volume and cardiac output of the heart
Atorvastatin
A statin: used for reducing plasma cholesterol by inhibiting the production of cholesterol in the liver.
Glyceryl Trinitrate
A vasodilator. Primarily used to prevent angina, also treats hypertension before and during surgery and to treat congestive heart failure caused by MI.
Aspirin
NSAID: used as an analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory and anticoagulant (because it inhibits platelet aggregation)
Diamorphine
Heroin: a narcotic analgesic which can be addictive
Clopidogrel
An anticoagulant: inhibits platelet aggregation
tPA such as Tenecteplase
tissue plasminogen activator: A clot dissolver: Coverts plasminogen into plasmin, which dissolves fibrin clots (fibrinolysis)
Ramipril
ACE inhibitor: vasodilator used to lower blood pressure
Bendroflumethazide
Causes vasodilation which lowers blood pressure. Used in higher doses to remove excess water from the body by increasing urine production. A thiazide diuretic.
Amlodipine
Calcium channel blocker. Vasodilator used to lower blood pressure, treat angina and treat abnormal heart rhythms.
Losartan
Vasodilator used to lower blood pressure. An angiotensin-receptor-blocker (ARB blocker) often used instead of an ACE inhibitor if the latter is not tolerated.
Warfarin
An anticoagulant which inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K dependant coagulation factors.
Unfractionated Heparin
Anticoagulant. Used to treat venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and to prevent clotting in arterial and cardiac surgery. - accelerates the rate at which Antithrombin 3 inactivates the coagulation enzymes Thrombin and Factor 10a, therefore inhibits the reactions that lead to clotting of the blood.
LMWH eg Enoxaparin
Low molecular weight heparin. Anticoagulant. For the prophylaxis of DVT and prophylaxis of ischemic complications of unstable angina.
Vitamin K
Promotes coagulation - for the treatment of haemorrhagic conditions and coagulation disorders. May counter the actions of Warfarin.
Gelofusine
Plasma substitute - used to expand and maintain blood volume after haemorrhage
Ferrous sulphate
Iron supplement for the treatment of anaemia
Digoxin (2 uses, 2 MOAs)
- Causes myocardial cells to contract with more force, so it is used to treat congestive heart failure. It inhibits the sodium/potassium ATPase pump in myocardial cells resulting in an increase of intracellular sodium, which in turn promotes calcium influx via the sodium-calcium exchange pump leading to increased contractility.
- Slows down the action potential at the AV node by increasing the refractory period of the conducting cells. Therefore it is used to treat supraventricular arrhythmias (ones that begin above the ventricles such as AF) to slow the ventricular rate down to normal.
Furosemide (type, use, MOA, risks)
- A loop diuretic - allows the body to expel excess fluid by increasing the volume of urine.
- Furosemide inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by blocking the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.By inhibiting the transporter, the loop diuretics reduce the reabsorption of NaCl and K+.
- Excessive dehydration and potassium depletion (hypokalaemia) are possible side effects.
