what the fuck is sectionalism and nationalism Flashcards by Yanzhe Xu | Brainscape

Q

Market revolution

A

C: agrarian economy & mercantilism, improved transportation infrastructure

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Q

internal improvements

A

C: Technological advancements, need to improve non-existent infrastructure inland

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Q

Erie canal

A

C: Infrastructure needed to connect northern NY and NYC

Western farms and eastern cities linked economically

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Q

turnpikes

A

C: Better infrastructure needed

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Q

Robert Fulton -steamboats

A

C: needed fast way to transport goods to interior

Navigate rivers fast and cheap for round trip shipping

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Q

yeoman farmer

A

a

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Q

specialization

A

Non self sufficient, everybody did something and relied on each other

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Q

Rhode Island System

A

Countryside factories, men work in farmland owned by company, women work in mills

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Q

Samuel Slater

A

guy who brought spinning mills (guarded secret) to the US

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Q

Waltham/Lowell system

A

heavily mechanized machinery, minimum labor, used young single women from NE farming communities (Lowell mill girls)

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Q

Eli Whitney

A

guy who invented cotton gin

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Q

cotton gin

A

lowered production cost for cotton, very profitable business now

E: Slavery stays in south, worse conditions for slaves

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Q

yeoman farmer

A

poorer white farmers, had bad land and few to no slaves, still had 18th century culture (no reliance on market economy)

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Q

slave labor organization

A

a

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Q

paternalism

A

When slave owners take a fatherly role and a sense of pitying superiority for the childish slaves

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Q

Gabriel’s Rebllion

A

C: slave revolt in French Carribean etc leads to liberty in slaves minds

Gabriel is slave blacksmith in VA, planned to march on Richmond to end slavery. Appealed to blacks and poor whites to oppose rich whites.

E: FAIL, Gabriel and conspirators captured and killed b/c rain prevented him from succeeding. Southerners troubled

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Q

Denmark Vesey

A

C: Whites afraid of uprising

Free black preacher DV killed b/c accused of plotting revolt in Charleston (don’t know t or f)

E: ppl forced to confess & killed, white fear still remained

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Q

Nat Turner

A

C: NT believed god called for his revolt

Not republican visionary like Gabriel. NT an followers killed 55 ppl (mainly women and children) before stopped

E: revolters killed, white mobs killed innocent slaves, whites very trouble

No more talk of antislavery in south afterwards

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Q

Middle class

A

evangelical
wish for reform of lower classes
formed after industrialization, merchants, craftsmen
rising literacy rates
alienated both poor and rich

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Q

Charles Finney

A

Presbyterian minister, started revivals in upstate NY

Preached that ppl can be saved through faith and hard work -appeal to MC

Upstate NY became “burned over district” b/c of the intense revivals

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Q

male vs female work

A

a

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Q

sentimental domestic fiction

A

a

Q

millenialism

A

Second Coming - Jesus is coming to end the world and create a perfect society - will face heavenly judgement

MC evangelicals = postmillennialists, 2nd coming after social perfection brought on by conversion of the world

Baptists, Methodists, Disciples of Crhists = premillennialists, lots of violence b4 2nd coming

Millerites gained many followers by predicting the date, nothing’s happened -> 7th day adventists being founded

Q

Joseph Smith

A

Founder of th Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Based religion off of Book of Mormom

Faced persecution and killed by a mob

Q

mormom church

A

Mormons practiced polygamy, had cooperative social organization

Moved from NY to Ohio, Missouri and finally Illinois to escape persecution

Q

blood sports

A

a

Q

minstrels

A

a

Q

penny press

A

a

Q

southern code of honor

A

South had aristocratic planter class, feudal society.

Men had chivalrous code of honor -personal honor, defend woman, paternalism to inferiors (i.e. slaves)

Q

camp meetings

A

Baptist and Methodist circuit preachers travel from place to place and attract thousands in dramatic preaching at outdoor revivals

E: many new ppl joined the church, Baptists and Methodists became largest protestant denominations in country

Q

Christianity and slavery

A

a

Q

christian slave missions

A

q

Q

race

A

a

Q

public schools

A

Schools taught not only literacy but moral principles, instilled figures of hard work, sobriety, punctuality-traits needed in industrial society

Immigrants objected to Protestant tone of education -> private Catholic schools

Q

Horace Mann

A

Advocate for public schools, secretary of education in MA

-wanted mandatory education, longer school year, better teacher training

Q

prisons

A

PA start reform w/ new system: solitary confinement to reflect on sins and repent -> unpopular b/c high rate of suicide

Auburn system start in NY: also had strict discipline but provide moral instruction and work programs

Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Launched a nationwide crusade to improve mental hospitals and build new ones

Publicized harsh conditions she witnessed

Q

asylums

A

Reformers hoped ppl can be rehabilitated in better conditions, wanted to build new institutions and end cruel conditions

Q

temperance

A

Reformers argued alcohol cause social ills

Protestant ministers & others formed American Temperance Society, wanted total abstinence and used moral arguments

Recovering alcoholics formed Washingtonians, wanted practical helpful treatment

German & Irish immigrants against temperance

Northern states adopted prohibition b/c reduces crime and poverty

Q

abolition

A

Many different types of opponents

Moderates want gradual abolition

Radicals want immediate abolition w/o compensation

2nd great awakening -> slavery = sin

Q

American Colonization Society

A

Establish in 1817, transport free slaves to African colony, appealed to politician and moderates b/c of racist attitudes to remove blacks from society

Colonization unsuccessful

Q

American Antislavery Society

A

William Lloyd Garrison and other radicals founded society

Wanted immediate abolition w/o compensation, “no Union w/ slave holders”

Q

William Lloyd Garrison

A

Started radical abolitionist movement with newspaper The Liberator

Wanted immediate abolition w/o compensation

Founded AAS

Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

a

Q

The Liberator

A

Abolitionist newspaper

EXPAND

Q

Frederick Douglass

A

Former slave, spoke abt brutality of slavery w/ firsthand experience. Follower of Garrison, wanted both political and direct action to end slavery and racial prejudice

Q

Grahamism

A

Dietary reform, graham crackers to promote good digestion

APUSH is delish-push!!!

EDIT

Q

The Grimke sisters

A

Involved in anti-slavery, frustrated by their 2ndary role -> become feminists

Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A

Started campaigning for women’s rights after barred from speaking at antislavery conventions

Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

Feminists like EC Stanton (enraged over London incident) organized Seneca Falls Convention, attended by mostly white abolitionists, demand equality using moral and legal arguments

Wrote declaration of sentiments, all men and women created equal

Stanton and Antony led campaign for more rights but overshadowed by slavery crisis

Q

Susan B Anthony

A

Unmarried Quaker women, pushed for equality of women

Q

Declaration of Sentiments

A

Doc based on Declaration of Indepence, said women were being opressed, demand equality

Written at the Seneca Falls Convention by women

Q

Cult of Domesticity

A

Change in society -> men work out of home, women took charge of household and children

Women idealized as moral leaders, private sphere