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A PUSH > C7 Completing The Revolution 1789-1815 > Flashcards

C7 Completing The Revolution 1789-1815 Flashcards

1
Q

“Mr President”

A

C: No title for the POTUS yet

Ppl argue over the way to address POTUS, settled on “Mr President” instead of his highness etc

E: Sets precedent on presidential etiquette, gov’t i NOT a royalty

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2
Q

Judiciary Act of 1789

A

C: new govt needs judicial system

creates supreme court, 13 district courts, 3 circuit courts of appeal
State arguments presided over by the Supreme Court

E: more fed power

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3
Q

Alexander Hamilton’s Report on Public Credit

A

C: Lots of money owed to foreigners, and to ppl who helped the revolution (which was then bought cheaply by speculators)

Federal gov’t assumed ALL debt (including state debt), paid everyone back to build credit (got $$ from tariff and excise tax) so future investors would be willing to buy gov’t bonds and securities

Dem-Reps agreed to this in exchange for placing the capitol in the South -> political and economic power separated

E: Strengthened economy, federal gov’t got more power

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4
Q

Bill of Rights

A

C: guard states and ppl against abusive central gov’t

Free speech, press, religion, no quartering, justice in courts, ppl have rights not mentioned in BoR, states have control over everything not listed in constitution

E: prevents tyrannical federal gov’t

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5
Q

Branches of Gov’t

A

Legislative (congress)

Judicial (courts)

Executive (prez, executive dept took power away from congress)

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6
Q

Bank of the USA

A

C: Report on Public Debt, needed a way regulate economy

Created BoUSA private bank w/ shareholders, can print and back currency, regulate banks
Stock in bank payable in gov’t securities -> adds value to securities, bank has interest in fiscal stability and binds security holders close to nat’l gov’t

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7
Q

Tariffs

A

C: needed way to pay back taxes

Hamilton wanted high taxes on imports for revenue, protect US manufacturing from competition

E: Feds vs Dem-Reps disagreed -> lower tariffs than hoped, Hamilton also placed an excise tax (established nat’l power to internal taxation)

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8
Q

Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)

A

C: French Revolution -> French Republic -> French vs British war

US signed alliance w/ French royal gov’t (not the republic), Americans supported French

GW issued Proclamation of Neutrality, US can’t fight b/c Britain needed for trade and tariff $$

Dem-Reps and Americans support France but not war

E: stay out of European war (for now)

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9
Q

Citizen Genet affair

A

C: France and Britain intervened in US internal affairs

Genet sent to US as a minister, ordered to enlist aid w/ or w/o US consent

  • commissioned privateers, spys
  • opened French Caribbean to US trade (mercantilism vs free trade)

Left after his party fell from power in France

E: isolationism impossible

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10
Q

Jay Treaty

A

C: Get brits out of NW territory and forts

GW sent John Jay (chief Supreme Court justice) to negotiate -> brits promised to remove troops in exchange for most favored nation trading status

Better than having war, but rlly unpopular, GW defended it tho

E: unpopular act, thought Feds were suppressing
south opposition

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11
Q

Pinckney Treaty

A

C: needed actual borders w/ spain

Spain recognizes US neutrality, set florida borders on US terms, end Spanish claim to Ohio valley, US has unrestricted rights to Mississippi River for trade (HUGE)

E: very popular -> ppl less pissed, ratified Jay’s Treaty
US united and expansionist

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12
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

C: frontiersmen refuse to pay excise tax on whiskey

Excise officers, distillers who paid tax harassed, rebels attack

GW sent militia to quell whiskey rebellion, found no armed resistance

E: success, unlike shays rebellion, shows that Feds can control frontier and more successful than AoC

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13
Q

Political parties

A

C: differing viewpoints on how to run US gov’t

Feds:
Strong central gov't
Alliance w/ British 
Support base wealthy, manufacturers
Loose interpretation of Constitution 
Leading figures: Adams, Hamilton
Dem-Reps
Power to states (10th Amendment)
France
Strict interpretation 
Farmers (agrarian republic)
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14
Q

Washington’s farewell address

A

C: sets the precedent for 2 terms

  1. Parties are bad
  2. Stay away from European politics (isolationism)

E: not really followed ;/

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15
Q

XYZ affair

A

Jay’s treaty saw as sign of Anglo-American alliance, broke relations w/ US, attack US shipping

Adams sent 3 statesmen to France, officials (XYZ) demanded bribe, loan to France and apologize for bad remarks made -> delegates refuse

E: quasi-war in Caribbean, public hostility to French and Dem-Reps, allowed Fed-dominated congress to pass A&E w/o consulting Adams

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16
Q

Virginia Kentucky Resolutions

A

C: A&S pissed off Republicans (violate 1st Amendment)

Jefferson & Madison wrote resolutions for Virginia and Kentucky

  • Reinforce 1st amendment
  • constitution is a compact, states can nullify unconstitutional fed laws

E: “judicial review” given to states, very dangerous

17
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

C: XYZ + Quasit war -> public hostility towards French and Dem-Reps

Fed-dominated congress passed wartime measures w/o consulting P. Adams

Alien: extended naturalization time for citizenship (prevent them from voting), POTUS can detain and deport enemy aliens
Sedition: ppl spreading scandalous statements against US Gov’t or POTUS -> jail & fine (not against VP cuz Jeff is opposite party)

E: prosecution of republicans, republicans thought that it violated 1st amendment
Lead to Kentucky/Virginia resolutions

18
Q

“Revolution of 1800”

A

C: Adams follows GW precedent, steps down after 2 terms

Peaceful transition between Feds & Dem-Reps

E: Constitution works, no fighting happened

19
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

C: French needed $ for war against Britain, couldn’t defend colony, also revolts in colonies

Sold western portion of America to the US very cheaply

E: Jefferson hypocrite (constitution didnt authorize buying territory, did it anyways), Jefferson became popular, US size x2, sustained “agrarian republic”

20
Q

Strict vs loose interpretation of the Constitution

A

Feds: loose interpretation

Dem-Reps: strict interpretation (Jeffs a hypocrite)

21
Q

Lewis and Clark

A

C: Louisiana purchase had lots of new land

Explored new lands, brought back data

E: confirmed that LP was very worth the price

22
Q

John Marshall

A

Federalist judge, Chief Justice of SC, enacted decisions that strengthened central gov’t, sometimes in expense of state rights

23
Q

Judicial Review

A

C: Marbury vs Madison

SC can rule laws unconstitutional, has greater power over other 2 branches

24
Q

Marbury vs Madison

A

C: Adams’ midnight judges appointments, got kicked off by Jefferson

Wanted his job back, went to court

E: SC argued that the judicial act was unconstitutional so Marbury didnt get job back
-JUDICIAL REVIEW

25
Q

Barbary Pirates

A

C: Pirates in Mediterranean demanded payment to not harrass US shipping, GW and Adams paid

Jeff sent in US navy

E: not decisive victory but protected trade and gained US respect

26
Q

Impressment

A

British RN capturing US sailors and forcing them to serve w/ Royal Navy

Violated US sovereignty, pissed off americans

27
Q

Chesapeake/Leioard Affair

A

C: deserting RN sailors going to US merchant marines for better conditions

US ship Chesapeake had deserters from HMS Leopard -> leopard attacked Chesapeake, US sailors killed, deserters captured

E: Americans pissed, anti-British protests, barred British ships from territorial waters, call militia and prep for war

28
Q

Embargo Act

A

C: Jeff wanted to avoid war -bad b/c high taxes, debt, huge military (against dem-rep ideals)

“Peaceful coercion” use trade embargo as leverage for respecting us neutrality and rights b/c supplies crucial to Europe

E: fail, British found other sources of trade,
-US economy slump (NE hurt the hardest), seaport towns have no
economy
-Feds accused Jeff of plotting to end commerce and reversion to rural barbarism
-Feds tried to resist embargo through smuggling etc, during election (Madison succeed Jeff), gained grounds in congress (but still dem-rep controlled),

29
Q

Non-intercourse Act

A

C: Jefferson’s embargo failed, economic depression & no federal revenue from tariffs

US can trade w/ countries aside from Britain and France
POTS can open trade once B or F agrees to respect US rights (FAIL)

E: lead to macons bill no 2, WAR

30
Q

Macon’s Bill No. 2

A

Ban against B&F rescinded
-Madison could reimpose nonintercourse act on a country if the other ended restrictions on trade and supported US sovereignty

E: French offered to end Berlin and Milan decrees, Madison had to go along,
Britain refused to rescind their acts, ordered US to withdraw restrictions -> war b/c obeying Britain = colonists again

31
Q

War Hawks

A

C:

War Hawks (republicans) control congress, wanted war to protect US rights -> war

Henry Clay (speaker of the house), and John C Calhoun leaders

E: War

32
Q

Henry Clay

A

Young War Hawk leader, speaker of the house.

War Hawks had power, pushed for war

33
Q

John C Calhoun

A

War hawk leader

34
Q

Hartford Convention

A

C: Feds in NE didnt like war, wanted to secede

Made list of grievances and amendments wanted, (get rid of 3/5 compromise, 2/3 majority needed for war, deny naturalized citizens from holding office) brought to congress

E:war was already won, called traitors
Feds lost power nationwide

35
Q

Treaty of Ghent

A

C: US outlasted the British in the war

Treaty ended fighting, pre-war boundaries, recognition of Canadian border

E: US gained nationalism, manufacturing (made own goods instead of relying on British goods), expansionism, Hartford convention -> doomed Feds

36
Q

Battle of Fallen Timbers

A

C: British armed Indians, attacked US frontiersmen

GW sent Gen Wayne, who defeated the Indian confederacy @Battle of Fallen Timeber

E:Treaty of Greensville, surrendered claims to Ohio territory, opened it up to settlement

A PUSH (3 decks)

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