What political, economic ,foreign policy, social and culture changes took place between 1924 and 1929? Flashcards
When was the Dawes Plan?
-1924 (April)
What was the Dawes Plan?
-the first 5 years of reparation payments were fixed in accordance with Germany’s ability to pay
What were the positive and negative results of the Dawes Plan?
+it lowered the reparations Germany had to pay based on what year and Germany’s economic stability at the time
-France and Belgium had to wait to get the money from Germany which would help them pay for the damages
When was the Young Plan?
-proposed in1929 (June)
-adopted in March 1930
What was the Young Plan?
-reduced the total amount of reparations demanded of Germany to 121 billion gold marks, almost $29 billion, payable over 58 years
What were the positive and negative results of the Young Plan?
+meant that Germany could pay reparations over 58 years and reduced reparations to 121 billion
-it was still a lot of money to pay and Germany was still recovering from hyperinflation
When did Schacht introduce a new currency and what was it called?
-1923 (August)
-Rentenmark
What were the positive and negative impacts of Schacht’s new currency?
+solved hyperinflation
-many people lost their savings which caused lots of poverty due to not being compensated
What were their Foreign policy aims?
-to free Germany from the limitations of the Treaty of Versailles and restore his country to the status of great power =
-offensive action was ruled out and the only option was diplomacy
What was the Locarno Conference and when was it?
-October 1925
-mutual guarantee agreement (accepted Franco-Germany and Belgium borders, all 5 countries (Britain and Italy) renounced the use of force except in self-defence
-Demilitarisation of the Rhineland was made permanent
-an arbitration treaty between Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia agreed to settle further disputes peacefully
What were the positives and negatives of the Locarno Conference?
+allowed Germany to keep existing borders between Germany, Belgium and France
+Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia agreed to settle further disputes peacefully
+Germany agreed not to use force
-demilitarisation of Rhineland was made permanent
When did Germany join the League of Nations?
-1926
What were the positives and negatives of Germany joining the League of Nations?
+meant they were involved in decision making and were at peace with other countries
-extremist parties were angered as they saw it as an extension of the Treaty of Versailles
When was the Kellogg-Briand Pact and what was it?
-August 1928
-outlawed war as an instrument of national policy
What were the positives and negatives of the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
+could build Germany’s international strength and standing
+agreed not to use war to end international distributes->peace/ trust
-not all Germans agreed with it because it didn’t remove all of the Treaty of Versailles restrictions
When did allies evacuate Rhineland earlier than intended and due to what?
-1929
-in return for a final settlement of the reparations issue
What were the positives and negatives of the allies evacuating Rhineland earlier than intended/
+resulted in the Young Plan->further revised the scheme of payments
-total sum of the reparations bill was reduced to £1850 million (only 1/4 of the figure demanded in 1921-> wasn’t reduced as much as Stresemann hoped it would
When was the Treaty of Berlin and who was it with?
-April 1926
-USSR
What were the positives and negatives of the Treaty of Berlin?
+reaffirmed the German-Soviet Treaty of Rapallo
+increased military cooperation
+opened up the possibility for a large commercial market
-placed even more pressure on Poland to give way to German demands about frontier changes
How did improving the provision of welfare state improve social policy?
-created a more equal society
What were the positives and negatives when improving the provision of welfare state?
+more equality between men and women
-people didn’t like the idea of women working or having a life outside of their home
Who was Erzberger and what were his aims?
-Financial minister
-aimed to offset the costs by implementing a series of progressive taxes eg increasing taxes on capital and in the highest income tax from 4%-60%
What were the positives and negatives of Erzberger increasing taxes?
+taxes fixed to people’s income->easier to pay
-there was much more tax for the rich to pay which would make them dislike the government even more
When was Stresemann made Chancellor?
-August 1923
