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Personality part 2 > What makes people happy? > Flashcards

What makes people happy? Flashcards

1
Q

What is happiness?

A
  • presence of positive affect
  • less experience of negative affect
  • life satisfaction
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2
Q

What makes people happy?

A
  • Health
  • Relationships
  • Personality
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3
Q

How does money influence happiness?

A
  • people think they need more money to be happy (more than they have)
  • money impacts life statisfaction (higher household income correlated with higher life satisfaction)
  • but the increase in happiness from money decreases
  • if rated money as not important, increased life satisfaction (especially for the lower household incomes)
  • so money matters more if you are relatively poor
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4
Q

How does health influence happiness?

A
  • people with acute illness have decreased happiness
  • those with [cancer, heart-attack, stroke, migraine-epilepsy] show decreased happiness compared to those with no disease
  • those with [diabetes, high blood pressure, sight-hearing disorders] don’t show any difference in happiness from healthy controls
  • health is important for happiness
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5
Q

How do relationships influence happiness?

A

-couples report less couple satisfaction when have children, happier when children reach teenage years, increase during retirement

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6
Q

How does having children affect happiness?

A

-Having children does not increase happiness, but it increases life satisfaction

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7
Q

How do friends influence happiness?

A

-people with at least 1 close friend have increased life satisfaction

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8
Q

How does personality influence happiness? (Costa and McCrae)

A
  • longitudinal study
  • extroversion
    • positively correlated to positive emotion
  • Neuroticism:
    • negatively correlated to positive emotion
    • positively correlated to negative emotion
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9
Q

Is well-being heritable?

A
  • twin study
  • long-term well-being is 40-50% heritable
  • so 50-60% of well-being is due to behavior, lifestyle, choices, environment etc…
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10
Q

Experiential versus Material

A
  • experience: doing
  • material: having
  • when people asked to think of experiential and material example, they said the experiential made them happier (increased difference for higher income)
  • experiential makes people happier
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11
Q

How does looking at other choices affect our happiness with our choice?
(Carter and Gilovich)

A
  • choose vacation plan or material item
  • had opportunity to look at the one they didn’t choose
  • if they spent more time looking at alternatives, led to less satisfaction
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12
Q

Excitement versus calm

A
  • participants at amusement park
  • if they valued calm, experienced more happiness after calm ride
  • no effect for either for exciting ride
  • valuing calm can enhance happiness during calming acitivities
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13
Q

Achievement and happiness

A
  • achievement doesn’t make you happy
  • bronze winners appear happier (based off of videos)
  • might be due to comparison (upward versus downward), which might affect your happiness
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14
Q

Predicting happiness: Lottery winners versus accident victims versus controls

A
  • lottery winners and controls report same levels of happiness
  • accident victims report lower levels of general happiness
  • all show similar levels of everyday pleasure
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15
Q

Affective forecasting

A
  • tendency to overestivmate enduring impact of future event
  • adaptation neglect
  • focalism
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16
Q

Adaptation neglect

A

-people underestimate how much we will habituate to circumstances

17
Q

focalism

A

-we forget about how other factors would affect happiness

18
Q

How does the duration of the event affect happiness

A
  • peak, end, peak+end affected overall happiness after watching video clip
  • duration of clip had no influence on happiness
19
Q

Why is it important to be happy?

A
  • broaden: positive emotions widen mindsets allowing exploration
  • build: positive emotions provide opportunities to learn and grow
20
Q

Benefits of being happy

A
  • affects work, social relations, health

- induced positive mood can lead to more sociability, altruism etc

21
Q

Longitudinal study of life satisfaction and salary (Oishi, Diener, Lucas, 2007)

A
  • those who rated 7-8 on life satisfaction showed higher salary 15 years later
  • those who were higher 9-10, didn’t show an increase in salary
  • moderate life satisfaction might provide motivation
  • sacrifice short-term happiness for long term goals

Personality part 2 (7 decks)

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