How does my family environment affect my personality? Flashcards

1
Q

Temperament in kids (Kagen)

A
  • measured inhibition in kids at 21 months and at 5.5 years
  • 50% of people remain inhibited, others change
  • change might be due to parental influence
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2
Q

On what aspects of personality does environment matter?

A
  • social factors

- e.g. altruism, attitudes

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3
Q

Shared environmental factors

A
  • SES
  • neighborhood
  • family rituals
  • marital quality
  • parenting styles
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4
Q

Non-shared environmental factors

A
  • peers
  • sibling
  • differential parenting
  • teachers,coaches
  • injury and illness
  • birth order
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5
Q

Are big five traits more due to genetics or the environment?

A

-genetic

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6
Q

What environmental factors might play a role in how birth order affects personality

A
  • prenatal or gestational factors
  • differential parental treatment
  • environments altered by presence of siblings
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7
Q

How could personality be influenced by birth order in terms of siblings?

A
  • competition within family

- confluence model (Zajonc, 1987)

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8
Q

Zajonc model

A
  • family environment changes when there are more kids
  • had people rate how they thought birth order individuals related to you
  • people believe that first borns are: more agreeable, intelligent, obedient, responsible, stable
  • people believe that last borns are more: creative, emotional, extraverted
  • Study 2:
    • first-born viewed as more likely to occupy high prestige jobs, also more likely occupy these jobs
    • beliefs and occupations correspond
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9
Q

Earnst & Angst meta-analysis

A
  • no differences in personality due to birth order
  • previous studies were poorly conducted
  • good studies showed no variance
  • Limitations: based on self-report, compared all first borns to all second borns
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10
Q

Studying birth order differences within family

A
  • Familial norms might differ
  • within family:
    • first-born more likely achiever
    • later-born more likely rebels
  • Limitations: people might have beliefs about birth order and respond according to belief
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11
Q

Reasons for confluence model

A
  • environment changes when you add more kids
  • older kids exposed to environment that was just adults
  • younger kids always exposed to an environment with other kids
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12
Q

Birth order and IQ (Kristensen & Bjerkedal, 2007)

A
  • men have compulsory military service
  • social birth order- if one sibling has died, second becomes social “first born”
  • IQ differences for birth order when siblings alive
  • IQ of socially first born is about the same
  • Limitations: only looked at male siblings
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13
Q

How might parenting styles affect personality?

A

-parenting affects attachment style [securely attached, insecurely attached, insecurely attached 2]

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14
Q

Strange Situation (Mary Ainsworth)

A

-used to determine the infants attachment

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15
Q

Attachment styles influence adulthood

A
  • attachment style in infancy correlated to adult interview (0.44)
  • adult attachment interview and relationship questionnaire correlated (0.21)
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16
Q

Can you teach mothers to be more sensitive to their children?

A
  • intervention to mothers to be more responsive to irritable infants
  • more securely attached, infants more responsive, more cooperative, seek more peer contact
17
Q

Do parenting styles affect temperament of child

A
  • rhesus monkeys
  • reactive, or normal babies
  • nurturing or normal mothers
  • higher nurture better for highly reactive, normal worse for highly reactive
  • mother doesn’t matter if monkey is normal reactivity