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Biology LC Revision (Mine) > What Is The Role/Function Of? > Flashcards

What Is The Role/Function Of? Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Stolon

A

Aerial hypha that allow the fungus to spread rapidly

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2
Q

Rhizoids

A

Provide extra surface area for absorption

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3
Q

Sporangium

A

Form spores

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4
Q

Saprophytes

A

Act as decomposers and hence, allow for mineral recycling

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5
Q

Flagella

A

Movement

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6
Q

Capsule/Slime layer

A

Protection

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7
Q

Plasmid

A

Contains genes that are responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics and are used in genetic engineering

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8
Q

Hyphae

A

Secretes enzymes into substrate, digests substrate & absorbs nutrients

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9
Q

Food vacuoles in amoeba

A

Kill and digest prey

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10
Q

Pseudopodia

A

Movement & Engulf prey

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11
Q

Contractile Vacuole

A

Eliminates water and prevents cell from bursting (Osmoregulation)

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12
Q

Roots

A
  • Anchor the plant
  • Absorb water & mineral salts from the soil ( by osmosis in root hairs )
  • Store food in some plants
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13
Q

Meristem

A

A plant tissue capable of mitosis and hence cell production

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14
Q

Xylem

A

Transports water and mineral salts from the roots tot he leaves and gives support to the plant (due to lignin)

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15
Q

Phloem

A
  • Sieve tubes transport food from the leaves to the rest of the plant
  • Companion cells control the activities of the sieve tube elements
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16
Q

Red blood cells

A

Transport oxygen

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17
Q

What is the role of plasma?

A

Transports dissolved materials such as glucose, carbon dioxide and urea.
It also transports heat.

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18
Q

White blood cells

A
  • Defend the body against infection
  • Fight infections already present in the body
  • Produce antibodies
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19
Q

Phagocytes

A

Attack bacteria by engulfing the bacteria and digesting them

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20
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Produce antibodies

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21
Q

Platelets

A

Clot the blood

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22
Q

Blood clots

A
  • Prevent blood loss

* Prevent the entry of micro-organisms

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23
Q

Monocytes

A

Engulf bacteria

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24
Q

Monocytes

A

Engulf bacteria

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25
Q

Valves

A

Control the direction of blood flow, hence preventing the backflow of blood

26
Q

What is the role of pericardial fluid?

A

Helps to reduce friction when the heart beats

27
Q

Incisors

A

Cut and slice food

28
Q

Canines

A

Tear and grip food

29
Q

Premolars & molars

A

Crush and grind food

30
Q

Fibre

A

Absorbs and stores water

31
Q

Mucus in the stomach

A

Coats the stomach and prevents self-digestion

32
Q

Dudodenum

A

Digestion

33
Q

Ileum

A

Absorb nutrients

34
Q

Colon

A

Reabsorb water

35
Q

Bile

A
  • Emulsify lipids
  • Neutralise chyme
  • To excrete pigments (biliverdin and bilirubin)
36
Q

Pancreas

A
  • Secretes the hormone insulin

* Pancreatic juice (containing sodium bicarbonate) neutralises chyme

37
Q

Hydrochloric Acid

A
  • Kills bacteria
  • Loosens fibrous and cellular foods
  • Activates pepsinogen to pepsin
  • Denatures salivary amylase
38
Q

Stomach

A

Churns and digests food mechanically

39
Q

Epliglottis

A

Prevents food and drink from passing into the trachea by closing over the trachea when we swallow

40
Q

Liver

A
  • Breaks down red blood cells
  • Makes bile
  • Detoxifies the body
  • Converts glucose to glycogen for storage
  • Deamination: Breaking down excess amino acids to form urea
41
Q

Lacteal

A

Absorb fatty acids & glycerol

42
Q

Symbiotic bacteria in digestive system

A
  • Makes vitamins (B & K)
  • Break down cellulose
  • Prevent the growth of pathogens
43
Q

SA node

A

Causes the atria to contract

44
Q

AV node

A

Causes the ventricles to contract

45
Q

Function of the larynx

A

Produces sound

46
Q

Cartilage

A

Prevents the trachea and its subdivisions from closing in when air is drawn in through them

47
Q

Mucus and cilia (tiny hairs) in respiratory system

A

Defend lungs from infection

48
Q

Pleural liquid

A

Lubricates pleural membranes and reduces friction when breathing

49
Q

Alveoli

A

Gas exchange

50
Q

Malpighian layer

A

Produces keratin

51
Q

Melanin

A

Protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation

52
Q

Epidermis

A

Protects the body from damage and acts as a barrier to prevent water loss and the entry of pathogens

53
Q

Dermis

A

Protects internal organs from damage

54
Q

Function of sebum

A

Keeps hair moist and prevents skin from drying up

55
Q

Functions of the skin

A
  1. Protection
  2. Vitamin Production
  3. Food Store
  4. Sense Organ
  5. Excretion
  6. Temperature Regulation
56
Q

What is the role of nephrons?

A

Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney, i.e. they make urine

57
Q

Location of nephrons

A

Medulla and cortex of kidneys

58
Q

Structure of the glomerulus in filtration

A
  • Pressure in glomerulus is greater than normal blood pressure
  • Surface area of capillaries is large; increasing the area for filtration
  • Walls of capillaries are more porous than normal capillaries
  • Wall of Bowman’s Capsule is thin
59
Q

Glomerular filtrate compared with urine

A
  • Has more water than urine

* Contains many useful molecules

60
Q

What controls the volume of urine produced?

A

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

61
Q

Where is ADH produced and stored?

A

Produced: The hypothalamus of brain

Stored : The pituitary gland located under brain

62
Q

Function of Anti-Diuretic Hormone

A
  • Causes more water to be reabsorbed from the nephron (by distal tubule and collecting ducts)
  • Controls osmoregulation

Biology LC Revision (Mine) (6 decks)

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