Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology LC Revision (Mine) > The Human Organism > Flashcards

The Human Organism Flashcards

1
Q

What does A+ (A positive) blood indicate?

A

This red blood cell is in blood group A and has the Rhesus chemical on it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is the Rhesus factor important?

A

For safe blood transfusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the main blood groups?

A

A, B, AB, O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe red blood cells

A
  • No nuclei (when mature)
  • No mitochondria
  • Biconcave shape (to give a larger surface area)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are mature red blood cells called?

A

Blood corpuscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What colour is haemoglobin?

A

Purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What colour is oxyhaemoglobin?

A

Bright red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe lymphocytes

A
  • Made in bone marrow
  • Mature in lymphatic tissue
  • Stored in spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids and thymus gland
  • Large round nucleus with very little cytoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Structure of a monocyte

A

•Kidney-shaped nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the need for a circulatory system?

A

To supply cells with all the materials they require

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Benefits of a closed circulatory system

A
  • Moves blood around the body faster

* Allows alterations in blood flow to different body organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why are animals with a closed circulatory system considered to be more active?

A

Blood is pumped around the body faster, allowing nutrients and oxygen to de distributed faster to the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Location of the heart

A

Located between the two lungs, slightly to the left-hand side of the thorax, just above the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Structure of the heart

A
  • Made of cardiac muscle

* Surrounded by double membrane called pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Benefits of a double-circulation system

A
  • Allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to be kept separate
  • Ensures that the blood pressure is high enough to reach all parts of the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why does the aorta have thicker walls?

A

Blood entering the aorta is under high pressure due to the contraction of the left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What glands are associated with the digestive system?

A
  • Salivary gland
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • Pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What glands are associated with the digestive system?

A
  • Salivary gland
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • Pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What glands are associated with the digestive system?

A
  • Salivary gland
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • Pancreas
20
Q

Where is bile made and stored?

A

Made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder

21
Q

What does the duodenum do?

A

Produces a range of digestive enzymes

22
Q

What enters the duodenum?

A

The products of the pancreas and liver

23
Q

What does sodium bicarbonate do in the pancreas?

A

Neutralises acid (chyme)

24
Q

By what process is food absorbed?

A

Diffusion

25
Q

Adaptations of villi for absorption

A
  • Large numbers (increase surface area)
  • Thin walls
  • They have a rich blood supply to carry away water-soluble products
26
Q

Adaptations of small intestine for absorption

A
  • Has numerous villi and microvilli
  • Walls of villi are thin
  • It is very long
27
Q

What are the four food groups?

A
  • Cereals, bread and potatoes
  • Fruit and vegetables
  • Milk, cheese and yoghurt
  • Meat, fish and poultry
28
Q

To what vein do the venules in the villi lead to?

A

Hepatic portal vein

29
Q

Location of the respiratory system

A

Thoracic cavity/Thorax

30
Q

Why is breathing through the nose beneficial?

A

The nose filters, moistens and warms the air

31
Q

Adaptations of alveoli

A
  • Huge number of alveoli - huge surface area
  • Thin wall
  • Moist surface
  • Enclosed in network of capillaries
32
Q

What is the name of the process that occurs in gas exchange?

A

Diffusion

33
Q

How is oxygen transported?

A

Oxygen combines with haemoglobin, to form oxyhaemoglobin.

34
Q

Describe inhalation

A
  1. Diaphragm contracts
  2. Intercostal muscles contract
  3. Ribs move up and out
  4. Volume of thoracic cavity increases
  5. Pressure decreases
  6. Air rushes in
35
Q

Describe exhalation

A
  1. Diaphragm relaxes
  2. Intercostal muscles relax
  3. Ribs move down and in
  4. Volume of thoracic cavity decreases
  5. Pressure increases
  6. Air is pulled out
36
Q

How does exercise affect breathing?

A

Exercise increases the rate of respiration.

37
Q

Describe Asthma

A

Symptoms: Breathlessness, Wheezy breathing
Cause: Allergens like pollen and dust
Prevention: Avoid allergens
Treatment: Inhalers

38
Q

How does the brain control human breathing?

A

It monitors the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood that passes through it. The medulla oblongata controls this.

39
Q

What is the controlling factor in gas exchange in animals and plants?

A

Carbon Dioxide

40
Q

Describe the role of the skin in controlling body temperature in cold conditions

A
  1. Piloerection, which then traps a layer of warm air.
  2. Vasoconstriction, which reduces heat loss through skin.
  3. Shivering, which produces heat to raise temperature.
41
Q

Main organs of excretion

A

Lungs, skin, kidneys

42
Q

Location of kidneys

A

In the small of the back

43
Q

Main processes in the kidneys

A
  1. Filtration (Cortex)
  2. Reabsorption (Cortex and Medulla)
  3. Secretion (Cortex)
44
Q

How do the kidneys control blood pH?

A

They control the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood

45
Q

What does urine consist of?

A

Water, Urea and Salts

46
Q

Functions of the kidneys

A
  1. Excretion
  2. Osmoregulation
  3. pH control of body fluids

Biology LC Revision (Mine) (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions