What Is The NHS? Flashcards
What are the five giants?
The committee, led by William Beveridge, identified five major problems which prevents people from bettering themselves
Want (caused by poverty)
Ignorance (caused by lack of education)
Squalor (caused by poor housing)
Idleness (caused by a lack of jobs, or the ability to gain employment)
Disease (caused by inadequate health care provision)
What did William beveridges report suggest?
The recommendations were for a system that would be:
Comprehensive: cover all problems relating to poverty, from birth to death
Universal: available to all
Contributory; paid into from wages
Non-means tested: available to all, even If rich or unable to pay
Compulsory: all workers were to contribute
What does the NHS act 1946 say?
Ensure that services would be available for all people free of charge
From the cradle to the grave
When was the appointed day of the NHS?
July 5th 1948
What is the Health and Social care act 2012?
Latest of many reorganisations in the NHS
Huge changes in 2013
Many old organisations abolished
Lots of implications for pharmacy which are still ongoing
What are the NHS principles?
Provide a compressive service available to all
Access to NHS services is based on clinical need, not an individuals ability to pay
Aspires to the highest standards of excellence and professionalism
Puts patients at the heart of everything it does
The NHS works across organisational boundaries in partnership with other organisations in the interests of patients, local communities and the wider population
Committed to providing best value for taxpayers money
The NHS is accountable to the public, communities and patients that is serves
Who are the key national bodies?
Department of health and social care
NHS England
NHS improvement
Health Education England
Public health England
What is the department of health and social cares role within pharmacy?
Leading the nations health and care
Sets Logan framework for community pharmacy, including registrations
Secures funding from HM treasury
System steward
Determines NHS reimbursement price of medicines and appliances
Negotiations with pharmacy and NHS representatives
POM to P to GSL (shift of medicines)
What is the purpose of health education England?
Undergraduate training
Foundation training
Post registration training
Career development of NHS professionals
What is the NHS England mandate?
High quality care for all
Measure success
Effectiveness:
Prevention of premature death
Quality of life long term conditions
Helping people recover from illness or injury
Patient experience- improvement in care
Safety: treatment and caring and protection from harm
Name some key local organisations
Area teams of NHS England
Clinical support units
Clinical commissioning groups
Health and wellbeing boards
Local professional networks
Primary care contractors
NHS trusts (hospitals)
What is secondary care?
Accident and emergency
Hospitals (NHS trusts)
General hospital e.g. Medway hospital
Specialist hospital e.g. Maidstone regional cancer unit
Super specialist hospitals (tertiary referral) - RMH-GOSH
What do hospitals do?
Accident and emergency
Antenatal and maternity
Cardiology
Neurology
Ear, nose and throat
Oncology
Paediatrics
Gynaecology
Pharmacy
What do hospital pharmacists do?
Responsible for ensuring safe, appropriate and cost-effective use of medicines
Hospital pharmacists use their specialised knowledge
Supervise the dispensing of medicines
Advise patients about their medicines
Advise other professionals
Go on ward rounds
Undertake research
Answer queries about medicines
Manufacturing of medicines
What roles are contained within primary care?
NHS 111
Walk in centres
Clinical commissioning groups
Primary care network
Health and wellbeing boards
Local authorities
Primary care contractors
What is the clinical commissioning group?
Commission most of the hospital and community NHS services in the local area
Commissioning involves deciding what services are needed and ensuring that they are provided
CCG’s are assured by NHS England, which retains responsibility and commissioning
Services CCG’s commission include:
Most planned hospital care
Rehabilitative care
Urgent and emergency care
Most community health services
Mental health and learning disability services
What is a primary care network?
GP working with the community, mental health, social care, pharmacy, hospital and voluntary services, in their local area in groups of practices known as primary care networks (PCN’s)
PCNs build on existing care services and enable greater provision of proactive, personalised, coordinated and more integrated health and social care for people close to home.
Clinicians describe this as a change from reactively providing appointments to proactively caring for the people and communities they serve
PCN’s cover 30,000 to 50,000 people
Small enough to provide the personal care valued by both people but large enough to have impact and economies of scale
PCN’s are lead by clinical directors who may be a GP< general practice nurse, clinical pharmacist or other clinical profession working in general practice
What are the four contractors professions?
General practitioners
Dentists
Opticians
Pharmacy contractors (individuals or companies)
What is the role of a general practitioner?
A general practitioner, or GP, is someone who provides primary care and specialises in family medicine
A general practitioner treats acute and chronic illness, preventative care and health education for all ages and both sexes
What are some examples of what opticians do?
Eye tests
Eye health
Measure, dispense and fit spectacles and contact lenses
What is a pharmacy contractor (community pharmacy)
Owned by individuals or companies
Dispense NHS prescriptions
Advise people about minor ailments
Provide other NHS services e.g. MUR, flu vaccinations and waste medicines
Locally commissioner services
Needle exchange
Supervised consumption of medicines
Provides advice on health and prevention of illness
Sell OTC medicines and provide private services
How do pharmacists get paid?
Pharmacy contractors
NHS (pharmaceutical and local pharmaceutical services) regulations 2013 (as amended)
Community pharmacy contractors:
‘Terms of service’ from the NHS which is a mixture of payments for dispensing and payments for services
Other pharmacists are salaried:
Pharmacists in community pharmacy
Hospital pharmacists
Other NHS pharmacists e.g. GP pharmacists
