what is the adrenal cortex Flashcards
what is the name given to the outer layer of the adrenal gland
adrenal cortex
describe adrenal gland
one of a pair of glands above the kidneys which release adrenaline and corticoids
what is adrenaline
hormone released by adrenal glands which stimulates fight or flight response
what is the adrenal medulla
inner layer of the adrenal gland
what is the difference between the adrenal cortex and meddulla
medulla- inner layer of adrenal gland
cortex- outer layer
adrenal medulla and cortex are well vascularised what does this mean
well supplied with blood vessels which allows hormones to be directed into blood
what are the three layers of cells in the adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa- outer layer secretes aldosterone
zona fasciculata- middle layer, secretes cortisol
zona reticularis- inner layer makes molecules used to make sex hormones
what does the zona glomerulosa do
outer most layer of the adrenal cortex
secretes mineralocroticoids, ALDOSTERONE
what does the zona fasciculata do
middle layer of the adrenal cortex
produces glucocorticoids such as CORTISOL
what does the zona reticularis do
inner layer of adrenal cortex,
secretes molecules used to make sex hormones
what hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete
adrenaline
noradrenaline
what molecule is used by the adrenal cortex to produce hormones
adrenal cortex uses cholestrol to produce hormones
where is cholestrol located in the membrane
sits in the middle of the hydrophobic part of the bilayer
what type of hormone does cholestrol help produce in the adrenal cortex
steroid hormones
describe the action of steroid hormones
steroid hormones pass through plasma membrane of target cell
steroid hormone binds to receptor in cytoplasm
receptor steroid hormone complex enters nucleus and binds to receptor on chromosomal material
stimulates production of mrna which codes for protein production
can steroid hormones pass through plasma membrane
yes
non steroid cant
what is the role of aldosterone from zona glomerulosa from adrenal cortex
helps control sodium and potassium conc in blood
maintain blood pressure.
acts on distal tubules and collecting ducts in kidney increasing absorption of sodium ions and decrease absorption of potassium.
what does cortisol do from zona fasiculata from adrenal cortex
controls metabolism of carbs, fats, proteins in liver
cotrisol is released response to low glucose conc.
stimulates production of glucose from glycogen.
is adernaline polar or non polar
polar
what amino acid is adrenaline derived from
tyrosine
if adrenaline is polar what does this mean about its entry in the phospholipid membrane
it cant enter plasma membrane as it is polar .
must be detected by specialised receptors
if lots of tissues have adrenaline receptors what does this mean
effect of adrenaline is widespread
what are the effects of adrenaline
increase heart rate
dilate pupils
stimulate conversion of glycogen to glucose
initiate vasoconstriction to raise blood pressure
inhibit gut action
what does the fight or flight response mean
prepare body to either defend itself or run away to escape danger
