what is the adrenal cortex

Question 1

what is the name given to the outer layer of the adrenal gland

Answer 1

adrenal cortex

Question 2

describe adrenal gland

Answer 2

one of a pair of glands above the kidneys which release adrenaline and corticoids

Question 3

what is adrenaline

Answer 3

hormone released by adrenal glands which stimulates fight or flight response

Question 4

what is the adrenal medulla

Answer 4

inner layer of the adrenal gland

Question 5

what is the difference between the adrenal cortex and meddulla

Answer 5

medulla- inner layer of adrenal gland

cortex- outer layer

Question 6

adrenal medulla and cortex are well vascularised what does this mean

Answer 6

well supplied with blood vessels which allows hormones to be directed into blood

Question 7

what are the three layers of cells in the adrenal cortex

Answer 7

zona glomerulosa- outer layer secretes aldosterone

zona fasciculata- middle layer, secretes cortisol

zona reticularis- inner layer makes molecules used to make sex hormones

Question 8

what does the zona glomerulosa do

Answer 8

outer most layer of the adrenal cortex
secretes mineralocroticoids, ALDOSTERONE

Question 9

what does the zona fasciculata do

Answer 9

middle layer of the adrenal cortex
produces glucocorticoids such as CORTISOL

Question 10

what does the zona reticularis do

Answer 10

inner layer of adrenal cortex,
secretes molecules used to make sex hormones

Question 11

what hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete

Answer 11

adrenaline
noradrenaline

Question 12

what molecule is used by the adrenal cortex to produce hormones

Answer 12

adrenal cortex uses cholestrol to produce hormones

Question 13

where is cholestrol located in the membrane

Answer 13

sits in the middle of the hydrophobic part of the bilayer

Question 14

what type of hormone does cholestrol help produce in the adrenal cortex

Answer 14

steroid hormones

Question 15

describe the action of steroid hormones

Answer 15

steroid hormones pass through plasma membrane of target cell

steroid hormone binds to receptor in cytoplasm

receptor steroid hormone complex enters nucleus and binds to receptor on chromosomal material

stimulates production of mrna which codes for protein production

Question 16

can steroid hormones pass through plasma membrane

Answer 16

yes
non steroid cant

Question 17

what is the role of aldosterone from zona glomerulosa from adrenal cortex

Answer 17

helps control sodium and potassium conc in blood

maintain blood pressure.

acts on distal tubules and collecting ducts in kidney increasing absorption of sodium ions and decrease absorption of potassium.

Question 18

what does cortisol do from zona fasiculata from adrenal cortex

Answer 18

controls metabolism of carbs, fats, proteins in liver
cotrisol is released response to low glucose conc.
stimulates production of glucose from glycogen.

Question 19

is adernaline polar or non polar

Answer 19

polar

Question 20

what amino acid is adrenaline derived from

Answer 20

tyrosine

Question 21

if adrenaline is polar what does this mean about its entry in the phospholipid membrane

Answer 21

it cant enter plasma membrane as it is polar .
must be detected by specialised receptors

Question 22

if lots of tissues have adrenaline receptors what does this mean

Answer 22

effect of adrenaline is widespread

Question 23

what are the effects of adrenaline

Answer 23

increase heart rate

dilate pupils

stimulate conversion of glycogen to glucose

initiate vasoconstriction to raise blood pressure

inhibit gut action

Question 24

what does the fight or flight response mean

Answer 24

prepare body to either defend itself or run away to escape danger