What is Pysc?

Question 1

what is psychology?

Answer 1

Psychology is the study of mind and behaviour.

Question 2

who is Hippocrates?

Answer 2

1st Greek Physician

Reject superstitions, legends and beliefs that caused illness/ abnormal behaviour

Argued: disease was not a Punishment rather illness was an imbalance of the body

Question 3

Phrenology

Answer 3

The idea that bumps on the skull reflect personality was a fascinating, although inaccurate, attempt to explain variations in human behaviour.

Question 4

What does the front lobe responsible for?

Answer 4

Personality, memory, language, judgment, motor function, impulse, social and sexual behaviour, aggression

Question 5

what are the goals of physchology?

Answer 5

• Describe
• Explain
• Predict
• Influence/change behaviour

Question 6

what does it mean to describe?

Answer 6

Descriptions tell us what we see; what is going on

used as the data for scientist discovery

Question 7

what does it mean to explain?

Answer 7

Explanations are used to better understand the reasons for the conditions that cause a behaviour or mental process to occur

EXPLANATION is not reached until it is tested, retested and confirmed

Question 8

what does it mean to predict?

Answer 8

To PREDICT what, when, and how we do it.

Prediction occurs ONCE all other explanations are ruled out

Question 9

What does it mean to influence?

Answer 9

INFLUENCE or Control or Change the Parts of Human Behaviour that Cause us Pain

Controls are used to manipulate or apply conditions to a desired behaviour or mental process to minimize external causes of the predicted behaviour.

ex. therapy, meds, conselling

Question 10

structuralism

Answer 10

looked at conscious mind like parts of a car engine

each part uses introspection

Question 11

inrospection

Answer 11

collaborators would be trained to objectively analyze the content of their own thoughts

Question 12

titchener

Answer 12

Titchener thought they could quantify the data collected by being exposed to a stimulus and find thought => student of Wundt

Question 13

functionalism

Answer 13

Purpose and function of mental processes , why do we have to function

Influenced by Charles Darwin = best fit = survival

Functionalists were less interested in describing the parts of a car engine like Structuralism but rather what the engine could do under a variety of conditions

Question 14

behaviourism

Answer 14

Argued that psychology should study only direct observable behaviour rather than mental processes

environment influences behaviour

Question 15

gestalt principles

Answer 15

*There are principles that determine how people naturally perceive visual elements and you, are influenced by them

Question 16

similarity

Answer 16

Items similar tend to be grouped together even though there are many in each photo, they are grouped ex. School of fish

Question 17

proximity

Answer 17

• Elements that are close together are perceived as a unified group

Question 18

law of closure

Answer 18

• Seeing the whole
• Gaps are filled in by brain
• Brain ignores the gaps

Question 19

law of contiuity

Answer 19

*Individual elements that are positioned in a continuous line or a soft curve appear related to one another than elements that are positioned randomly or in a sharp curve

Question 20

psychoanalysis

Answer 20

Behavioural influences are based on inner, unconscious forces, over which a person has little control

Question 21

evolutionary perspective

Answer 21

Adaptation in order to survive over the long course of evolution: Darwin’s theory of natural selection or survival of the fittest

Question 22

biological perspective

Answer 22

Emphasis is on biological processes and genetics when studying behaviour and mental processes.

This approach views behaviour from the perspective of the brain , the nervous system,
and other biological functions

Question 23

cognitve pyschology

Answer 23

The approach that focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world (Identifying the Roots of Understanding)

Question 24

humanistic psychology

Answer 24

this approach suggests that all individuals strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behaviour and focuses on the uniqueness of human beings. Humans are innately good!

Hierarchy in life = goal is to advance heirarchy

Question 25

what are the 3 types of research

Answer 25

descriptive
experimental
correlation

Question 26

descriptive research

Answer 26

natural
laboratory
case study
descriptive - survey

Question 27

experimental method

Answer 27

uses cause and effect

Question 28

control groups

Answer 28

subjects exposed to similar environment but NO treatment = placebo

dependent variable

Question 29

experimental groups

Answer 29

subjects exposed to treatment

independent variable - causes results

Question 30

what is the dependent and independent variable with sound in a test room on performance?

Answer 30

indep = sound
dep = test scores

Question 31

placebo effect

Answer 31

This occurs when the response to a treatment is due to the person’s expectations/not the treatment

ex. fancy packaging better than plain

Question 32

How do experimental and control groups differ?

Answer 32

The experimental group is a group in which members of the groups are exposed to independent variable manipulation

The control group is a comparison group that is treated in every way to the experimental group except the manipulated variable is absent

Question 33

positive correlation

Answer 33

As the Y variables ( rain increased) the X variable (raincoats sales increased)

Question 34

what is the correlation method?

Answer 34

Correlation is used to understand the relationship between variables

Question 35

negative correlation

Answer 35

when one variable goes up the other goes down

Question 36

correlation coefficient

Answer 36

-1.00 - +1.00

The closer the correlation is to 0, the weaker it is, while the close it is to +/-1, the stronger it is

Question 37

The line of best fit: the closer the data is a long the line the stronger the correlation (either positive or negative)