Biology and Psychology

Question 1

what is the nervous system made up of?

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

voluntary action

Answer 2

something that takes conscious thought, like when you are walking or clapping your hands

Question 3

involuntary action

Answer 3

things like your heart beating that happens whether or not you are thinking or doing anything about it

Question 4

Nucleus:

Answer 4

This contains all genetic material including information for cell development necessary for cell survival

Question 5

presynaptic neuron

Answer 5

where signal is initiated

Question 6

dendrites

Answer 6

spiky tree branches that receive info

Question 7

soma/cell body

Answer 7

where the signals from the dendrites are joined and passed on. This part of the neuron is responsible for maintenance and health. It does not play a role in the transmission of signals.

Question 8

synaptic gap

Answer 8

The gap between the pre- and post-neuron as no two neurons touch

Question 9

axon hillock

Answer 9

located at the end of the soma and control the firing of the neuron. If the total strength of the signal exceeds the threshold the structure will fire a signal ( action potential).

Question 10

nodes of ranvier

Answer 10

The myelin sheath is broken up at points. Because of this, electrical impulses can jump from one point to the other which plays a role in speeding up the transmission of the signal.

Question 11

all or nothing

Answer 11

Is the strength of a signal (the neuron either does or does not reach the threshold for a full action potential to occur

Question 12

vesicles / synaptic vessels

Answer 12

Small sacs that carry and store neurotransmitters

Question 13

axon

Answer 13

elongated fiber that extends from the cell body to the terminal endings and transmits the neural signal.

Question 14

resting potential

Answer 14

Tells about what happens when a neuron is sleeping

-70 millivolt

Question 15

terminal button

Answer 15

These are located at the end of the neuron and responsible for sending a signal to the other neurons. ( postsynaptic neuron)

Question 16

neurotransmitter

Answer 16

the chemical stores in the neuron that excites or inhibits other neuron

When an electrical signal reaches the terminal button, theses are released across the synapse to other neurons

Question 17

post synaptic neuron

Answer 17

neuron receives signal

Question 18

action potential

Answer 18

Neural impulses occur when a stimulus depolarizes a cell membrane prompting this…. which sends an All or Nothing signal

+30 millivolt

K+ outside
Na+ inside

Question 19

myelin sheath

Answer 19

This protects the axon and helps with the speed of transmission.

Question 20

afferent (sensory) neurons

Answer 20

carry info from senses to CNS

Question 21

efferent (motor) neuron

Answer 21

carry messages from CNS to muscles of body

Question 22

Acetylcholine ( Ach):

Answer 22

controls voluntary muscle contractions.

To grab a drink, pen, paper, book, stand jump run etc. Ach is active

Question 23

Dopamine

Answer 23

the pleasure neurotransmitter responsible for learning, memory and yes all thing that feel good ( cookies, drinks, being in love )

Question 24

seratonin

Answer 24

responsible for emotional regulation and sleep. Deficiencies are related to depression, aggression, insomnia etc.

Question 25

endorphin

Answer 25

released in a response to pain or stress. They occur naturally in the brain and responsible for locking pain both physical and mentally, producing pleasure and relieving stress

Question 26

excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 26

cause cells to fire

agonist

Question 27

agonist

Answer 27

chemical substances (drugs) that mimic/enhance action of a neurotransmitter at receptor site

ex. nicotine increases dopamine

Question 28

inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 28

causes cells to stop firing

antagonist

Question 29

antagonist

Answer 29

chemical substances (drugs) that block action of cell responses to other chemicals/neurotransmitters

Example. Antipsychotics stop delusions,

Question 30

peripheral nervous sytem

Answer 30

autonomic system :
sympathetic
parasympathetic

somatic:
afferent
efferent

Question 31

autonomic system

Answer 31

regulates body systems (involuntary control) ex. Breathing

Question 32

somatic

Answer 32

relays info to and from senses (environment) to central nervous system

Question 33

right brain

Answer 33

emotional, creativity, spatial, facial recognition

Question 34

left brain

Answer 34

speech, comprehension, language

Question 35

cerebellum

Answer 35

produce language, relay station for all senses except smell

Question 36

thalamus

Answer 36

coordination, eye movement, muscle tone

Question 37

hypothalmus

Answer 37

regulates biological clock, sleep

Question 38

amygdala

Answer 38

emotional expression, memory, motivation

Question 39

frontal lobe

Answer 39

moving, speaking, thinking

Question 40

parietal lobe

Answer 40

processes senses stimuli

Question 41

occipital lobe

Answer 41

reception and interpretation of visual info

Question 42

temporal lobe

Answer 42

auditory smell

Question 43

pituitary gland

Answer 43

influences growth, metabolism

masters all gland releases hormones

Question 44

thyroid glands

Answer 44

regulates energy and metabolism

Question 45

parathyroid

Answer 45

secretes hormones

Question 46

pancreas

Answer 46

release hormones to regulate blood sugar level

Question 47

adrenal gland

Answer 47

produces hormones to activate sympathetic nervous system

Question 48

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 48

fight or flight

Question 49

neuron

Answer 49

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