What is News

Question 1

How can news be ranked as important?

Answer 1

1. Proximity
2. Significance
3. Timing
4. Human interest
5. Prominence

Question 2

Different forms of news stories?

Answer 2

1. Video
2. Twitter
3. Newspaper
4. Blog
5. Audio

Question 3

Their purpose?

Answer 3

To inform readers what is happening around the world.

Question 4

Codes and conventions of a news anchor?

Answer 4

1. Clean Haircut
2. Well-dressed
3. Pilot
4. Well-mannered

Question 5

Codes and conventions of a news bulletin?

Answer 5

• News package: a pre-recorded, and self-contained, television news story. The reporter is likely to be in vision at the story location and the package may contain interviews.
• Actuality footage: for instance - a news reader reports breaking news and a short clip of footage is shown from the event/story itself.
• Piece to camera: when a reporter presents directly to the lens of the camera.
• Cut away: a shot that cuts away from the main action to a separate or secondary action
• Voice over: the audio track of a presenter or reporter, over a video clip and pictures to explain what is going on.
• Two-way interview: Studio news reader interviews a contributor or correspondent
• Graphics: on screen images used to explain or clarify the story. Often used to show statistics.
• Standard out cue: the form of words agreed by a television station, and used by all reporters at the station, to sign off at the end of a story.
• TV straplines: the two lines of text that appear along the bottom of the screen on, for example, the ABC News Channel. e.g. 1st line: Baghdad Bomb 2nd line: 40 killed by suicide bombers

Question 6

Further terminology?

Answer 6

1. Field Reporter
   The purpose of field reports is to describe an observed person, place, or event
2. Vox Pop

Vox pops are used to capture public opinion in video format.

3. Expert
   Someone specialised in a particular field – Police

Question 7

Why is the code important?

Answer 7

• Fairness, honesty, independence, and respect for the rights of others must be upheld.
• These principles are crucial for a journalist:
• Gaining an audience
• Maintaining the integrity of the journalist and the private enterprise
• Maintaining that relationship with the social enterprise
• Ensuring the public is aware that you are separate from political influence.
• Journalists may also follow these codes of ethics to ensure that they are doing their best to maintain their job
• And continue to provide the public with enjoyable content whilst simultaneously protecting the privacy of other entities.

Question 8

What is citizen journalism? Make sure to provide an example.

Answer 8

Definition -
- Journalism experts agree that citizen journalism is

• The collecting and reporting of information
• Via social media, public platforms, and traditional news outlets,
• Done either by non-traditional sources or the public

For example,
- Police officers or city clerks could operate as citizen journalists if they were to release information about an incident

Question 9

Two types of citizen journalism?

Answer 9

1. Independent
2. Cooperative

Question 10

Explain independent?

Answer 10

They use social media/create a blog

Question 11

Explain cooperative?

Answer 11

• Working with other news organisations involves crowdsourcing.
• This is when the amount of work is distributed evenly amongst members of the community,
• Also, live blogging, and commenting on articles

Question 12

Explain some advantages of citizen journalism?

Answer 12

1. Can report events as they are occurring as you don’t have to wait like a traditional Journalist until the news station has reported the event.
2. This helps to challenge the media. It works for the public as they are working to fact major news outlets means they can easily be sued if they are caught not acting in accordance with the law.
3. It also enables them to offer multiple perspectives on an event. This provides the advantage of the public being collectively involved. It, therefore, makes it harder for the news story to be twisted to suit the individual.

Question 13

Disadvantages of citizen journalism?

Answer 13

1. Difficulties to the audience about what to believe.
   - This means that it is innate for humans to make mistakes. Therefore, this affects the integrity of the information.
2. It has a limited audience in some cases.
   - In comparison to live broadcasting, citizen journalism doesn’t offer a larger audience base

Question 14

Media ethics?

Answer 14

1. Report and interpret honestly, striving for accuracy, fairness and disclosure of all essential facts.
   - Do not suppress relevant available facts, or give distorting emphasis.

• Do your utmost to give a fair opportunity for reply.
  ▶ 2. Do not place unnecessary emphasis on

1. Personal characteristics
   - This may include
2. Race
3. Ethnicity
4. natonality
5. Gender
6. Age
7. Sexual orientation
8. Family relationships
9. Religious belief
10. Physical or intellectual disability.
    ▶ 3. Aim to attribute information to its source.

• Where a source seeks anonymity, do not agree without first considering the source’s motives and any alternative attributable source.
• Where confidences are accepted, respect them in all circumstances.
  ▶ 4. Do not allow the follow.
  1. Personal interest
  2. Any belief
  3. Commitment
  4. Payment
  5. Gift
  6. Benefit
• To undermine your accuracy, fairness or independence.
  ▶ 5. Disclose conflicts of interest that affect, or could be seen to affect, the

1. Accuracy,
2. fairness
3. Independence of your journalism.

• Do not improperly use a journalistic position for personal gain.
  ▶ 6. Do not allow advertising or other commercial considerations to undermine
  1. Accuracy
  2. Fairness
  3. independence.
  ▶ 7. Do your utmost to ensure disclosure of any direct or indirect payment made for
  1. Interviews
  2. Pictures
  3. information or stories.
  ▶ 8. Use
  1. Fair
  2. Responsible
  3. Honest
• Means to obtain material.
• Identify yourself and your employer before obtaining any interview for publication or broadcast.
• Never exploit a person’s vulnerability or ignorance of media practice.
  ▶ 9. Present pictures and sound which are true and accurate.
• Any manipulation likely to mislead should be disclosed.
  ▶ 10. Do not plagiarise.
  ▶ 11. Respect private grief and personal privacy. Journalists have the right to resist compulsion to intrude.
  ▶ 12. Do your utmost to achieve fair correction of errors.

Question 15

Media Ethics - Scenarios?

Answer 15

• Phone Hacking in the UK
• Stalking their home

Question 16

What are the interview skills?

Answer 16

1. Do your homework
2. Have fun (don’t stress to much about the notes etc.)
3. Watch the clock (not over thirty minutes)
4. Avoid using words like umm
5. Ask open-ended questions
6. Listen well

Question 17

Types of questions? (include examples for each) - first 6

Answer 17

1. Close-ended questions (what is your favorite colour?)
2. Open-ended questions (why are you passionate about basketball?)
3. Probing questions (a series of questions seeking clarification – an ex., what did you mean when you said you would defend the constitution if elected? How do other senators fail to defend the constitution?)
4. Leading questions (questions used to your advantage to gain a specific answer, ex. Mike played well at his soccer game, don’t you think?
5. Loaded questions (a type of open-ended question that makes an assumption about the person) – ex. Have you stopped copying Russel’s homework
6. Funnel Questions (a series of questions used to build up to a more specific response) – ex.,

For funnel an example may be -
1. Can you explain to me what you were doing yesterday
2. Why were you at the bank yesterday
3. Did you notice the conflict occurring?
4. Do you know who was accused of robbing the bank?

7. Rhetorical question
8. 7. Process questions (encourage critical thinking by getting the person’s personal opinion) – ex., Are the witches to blame for tragedy in Macbeth?

Question 18

An example with my Grandma? Are they all open-ended questions.

Answer 18

All open-ended questions.

1. At the beginning of your career did you have a dream job in mind?
2. When you did that part-time course at Burnley College where did you believe that this would take you?
3. After your time as a retailer buyer, you mentioned that you wanted to be an interior stylist so how did that come about for you?

Question 19

Camera Angles? (5)

Answer 19

1. Bird’s eye view
2. High Angle
3. Eye-level
4. Low angle
5. Oblique angle (tilting the camera angle which creates anxiety)

Question 20

Camera movement? (3 examples)

Answer 20

1. Pan (moves the camera left to right whilst still focusing on the main subject)
2. Tilt (pivots the camera upwards or downwards)
3. Zoom

Question 21

Basic camera shot types?

Answer 21

1. Wide
2. Extreme wide shot
3. Medium shot
4. Close up
5. Medium close up
6. Extreme close up

Question 22

Ownership of media? (there are three types explain them) Provide examples as well.

Answer 22

1. Community

• Usually funded by the goverment
• Have membership and advertising
• Unpaid volunteers responsible for the content

Ex. Channel 31

2. Government
   - Those owned by the government
   - Usually any countries this equates to government control of the media

Ex. ABC

3. Commercial
   - Privately owned companies that compete to make profits

Ways this can be done - is 1. Advertising
2. Competing

Ex. Herald Sun