What is morphology? Flashcards
study of the forms of things
morphology
terms used to describe human dentition, the surfaces and identifying
nomenclature
arch that includes teeth, gingiva, and associated bone
dental arch
includes the upper arch and the associated teeth
maxillary arch
includes the lower arch and associated teeth
mandibular arch
Which bone is the only one in the face that moves?
mandible
How many permanent teeth are there?
32
16 in the maxillary and 16 in the mandibular arch
How many of each type of tooth are there in the permanent dentition of each arch?
4 incisors
2 canines
4 premolars
6 molars
half of each arch (maxillary and mandibular) is called:
quadrant (4)
What are the 4 quadrants in the mouth?
Maxillary right quadrant
maxillary left quadrant
mandibular left quadrant
mandibular right quadrant
What is the permanent dentition formula?
I2/2 C1/1 P2/2 M3/3 = 16
notation system which describes the number and order of permanent teeth
permanent dental (dentition) formula
Which are the anterior teeth and how many are there total?
Incisors (8)
Canines (4)
Which are the posterior teeth and how many are there total?
Premolars (8)
Molars (12)
How many deciduous or primary teeth are there?
20 (10 per arch)
How many of each type of tooth are there in the primary/deciduous dentition of each arch?
4 incisors
2 canines
4 molars
What is the deciduous dental formula?
I2/2 C1/1 M2/2
What are the 2 types of incisors?
central and lateral (maxillary and mandibular)
Which teeth have thin biting edges designed to cut food?
incisor
incisal edge
Which teeth are also referred to as “Cuspids” or “eye teeth”?
canines
Each quadrant has __ canine(s); each arch therefore has __ canine(s).
1
2
pointed teeth designed to tear, pierce, and hold food, and guide movement of the mandible
canines
Each quadrant has __ premolar(s); each arch therefore has __ premolar(s).
2
4
the ___ premolars are located just distal to the permanent canine and just mesial to the ___ premolar.
first
second
fourth and fifth teeth from the midline in each quadrant
premolars
teeth designed to hold and grind food
premolars
Which molar is closest to the midline?
first molar
Which molars are missing in primary dentition?
third molars
large teeth used to mill and grind food
molars
part of the tooth covered with enamel
crown
part of the tooth covered with cementum
root (one or more)
dense hydroxyapatite surface of the crown
enamel
inner hard layer of the crown and root
dentin
vascular innervated portion of the tooth
pulp
outer layer of the root surface
cementum
junction of enamel and dentin layers
DentoEnamel Junction (DEJ)
junction of enamel and cementum layers
CementoEnamel Junction (CEJ)
junction of the anatomical crown and root
cervical line
portion of tooth that is visible in the mouth and NOT covered by gingiva (gum)
clinical crown
crown above the CEJ (covered by enamel)
anatomical crown
The inside of the tooth is mainly composed of ___ and in the center is the ____ ____ and the _____ _____ containing pulp.
dentine
pulp chamber
pulp canal
vascular innervated portion of the tooth
pulp
chamber containing dental pulp
pulp chamber
highest projection of pulp chamber within the crown
pulp horn
inner portion of the root containing the dental pulp
pulp canal
What are the hard and soft tissues of the tooth?
hard: enamel, dentin, cementum
soft: pulp
What is the boundary of the anatomical crown?
CEJ
In partly erupted tooth, the clinical crown is _____ than the anatomical crown.
shorter
In a tooth with gingival recession and root exposure, the clinical crown height is ______ than the anatomical crown height.
longer
outer most surface toward cheek or lips
facial (buccal/labial)
inner most surface toward the tongue or palate
lingual (palatal)
toward the median line
mesial
away from the median line
distal
biting edge of anterior teeth
incisal
biting or chewing surface of posterior teeth
occlusal
projection on a crown
cusp
depression or concavity between cusps or ridges
fossa
linear elevation on the surface of a tooth and is named according to its location
ridge
name the 5 crown elevations
cusp tubercle ridge mamelon cingulum
name the 4 crown depressions
groove
fossa
sulcus
pit
lingual crown projection on anterior teeth
cingulum
line between the primary parts of a crown or root
groove
pinpoint depression at the junction or termination of a groove
pit
primary center of development within a tooth
lobe
round projections of enamel on newly erupted teeth
mamelon
Where do we usually see mamelons
children bc they usually wear away in adults
area where the root divides
furcation
opening in the root for entrance of the pulp
root apex
tissues that surround the teeth
periodontium
what does the periodontium include?
gingiva
cementum
alveolar bone
periodontal ligament
cover the bone and surrounds the cervical portions of the teeth
gums/gingiva
What are the gingiva divided into?
free gingiva
attached gingiva
interdental papilla
pale-pink: includes free gingiva, attached gingiva and interdental papilla
gingiva
dark red: loose attachment to the underlying bone
alveolar mucosa
junction of the alveolar mucosa and ginigva
mucogingival junction
closer to the tooth crown, not attached to the bone
free gingiva
separates attached gingiva from free gingiva
free gingival groove
triangular shaped gingiva that occupies that gingival embrasure
interdental papilla (or gingival papilla GP)
part of gingiva not seen visually, but can be evaluated with a periodontal probe
space between tooth surface and barrow cervical collar of free gingiva
gingival sulcus
surrounds tooth root and attaches tooth to alveolar bone (periodontal fibers)
periodontal ligament (PDL)
forms and supports tooth sockets
alveolar bone aka alveolar process
