What is Knowledge?

Question 1

epistomology definition

Answer 1

study of knowledge acquisition
-beliefs about HOW we acquire knowledge about truth and reality

Question 2

what is propositional knowledge

Answer 2

knowledge of a proposition - what is asserted by a sentence which says something is the case

Question 3

is propositional knowledge factual?

Answer 3

yes because of truth condition

Question 4

what is ability knowledge

Answer 4

knowing how to do something

Question 5

how is ability knowledge different from propositional knowledge

Answer 5

can know how to do something without knowing a set of propositions about that thing - not dependant on eachother

Question 6

what are the prerequisites to possessing knowledge

Answer 6

1. BELIEVE in the relevant proposition
2. belief must be TRUE

Question 7

what is empiricism

Answer 7

theory that human knowledge comes predominantly from experiences gathered through the 5 senses
-it aligns with the scientific method

Question 8

what is the scientific method

Answer 8

1. make observation
2. ask question
3. make observation or testable explanation
4. make prediction based on hypothesis
5. test prediction
6. iterate: use results to make new hypotheses or predictions

Question 9

hypothesis definition

Answer 9

proposed explanation based on limited evidence

Question 10

paradigm definition

Answer 10

typical example or pattern of something: a model

Question 11

function of paradigm

Answer 11

drives development of science

Question 12

how do paradigms drive development of science

Answer 12

supply puzzles and tools for scientists to solve

Question 13

anomaly definition

Answer 13

puzzle that can’t be solved by current. paradigm - called a crisis in science

Question 14

what is a scientific revolution

Answer 14

if existing paradigm is superseded by different paradigm that can solve an anomaly

Question 15

why is there no common measure for assessing different scientific methods

Answer 15

all developed under different paradigms

Question 16

what is the Kuhn Cycle

Answer 16

cycle of scientific development
-normal science
-model drift
-model crisis
-model revolution
-paradigm change
-normal science

Question 17

objectivity definition

Answer 17

personal neutrality - facts speak for themselves without the influence by personal values and biases of researcher (mind independent)

Question 18

subjectivity definition

Answer 18

judgment based on personal impression, feelings, and opinions of researcher (mind dependent)

Question 19

what is ontology

Answer 19

what exists for people to know about - what is true?

Question 20

what are the types of research paradigms

Answer 20

1. positivism
2. post-positivism
   3.interpretivism

Question 21

what is positivism

Answer 21

theory that all genuine knowledge is either true by definition or positive (facts derived by reason and logic from senses)

Question 22

what are the strengths of positivism

Answer 22

-precise
-objective
-quantify issues using data collection
-predictable
-broadly generalizable

Question 23

weaknesses of positivism

Answer 23

-not applicable to social world
-reductionist

Question 24

what is post-positivism

Answer 24

belief that reality exists but it can only be known imperfectly
-it draws from social constructionism inn forming understanding and definition of reality

Question 25

what is interpretivism

Answer 25

belief that social reality is shaped by human experiences and social contexts - interpret reality through sense

Question 26

what are the strengths of interpretivism

Answer 26

-understand nature of human conditions
-cross-cultural differences

Question 27

weaknesses of interpretivism

Answer 27

-issues of validity
-can have misinterpretations of research