What is G.I.S? Flashcards
Define a continuous data set.
It is a quantitative data set representing a scale of measurement that can consist of numbers other than whole numbers, like decimals and fractions.
Give 4 examples of continuous data?
1) Height
2) Weight
3) Length
4) Temperature
Define a geographical information system.
It is a system that captures, stores, analyses, manages and presents data that is linked to location.
Name two surveying techniques that allow us to capture data to produce traditional maps.
1) Total stations
2) GPS
Define digitisation.
It is the process of generating new data by using Ariel and satellite photographs.
What is one of the quickest ways to capture data?
Is to trace it yourself using digitisation.
What does CCTV do?
Captures information about traffic and pedestrian flows. it also captures directional flow of pedestrians.
How is CCTV done?
Using machine learning and artificial intelligence sitting on the cameras; this is called edge computing.
What can we calculate using CCTV?
1) Speed of vehicles
2) Number of vehicles to analyse our environment, road safety and mobility.
What are postcodes?
They are part of a group of geographies.
What are geographies?
They are different ways in dividing up a country administratively which we can use to demonstrate data.
Give 6 examples of different geographies?
1) Census wards
2) Districts
3) Political boundaries
4) County boundaries
5) Health CCG boundaries
6) Parliamentary constituencies.
What is a polygon?
It is a shape that goes back on itself.
Define a Geo-database.
It is a collection of spatial data files.
What is a shape file?
A shape file is a simple, non-topological format for storing the geometric location and attribute information of geographic features. Every system will understand it.
How do we turn the the earth from being a globular shape to a flat shape?
Through projection distorting the information so it sits on a flat surface.
What can you distort? (2)
1) Distance
2) Areas
What do coordinate systems do?
Plot positions on a map.
Define projection.
Data that we need to change from one coordinate system to another.
Why do we use G.I.S in data management?
To understand where data comes from.
Define Meta-data.
It is data about data for example when was the data collected and whether that data is useful.
What can we gather in G.I.S? (3)
1) Statistics
2) Hot spots
3) Clusters
We do we use to see if statistics are statically valid?
Geo-statistics
What is Tobler’s first law of geography?
Everything is related to everything else but near things are more related to distant things.
What is spatial auto-correlation?
When near things are related.
What is an intersect when testing spatial objects?
It says is there any spatial relationship between two objects, it is; inside, does in cross, does it touch the boundary of.
What do decision support system use?
Use analytics to give us answers to complex questions.
What is multi-criteria evaluation?
Where we use a layer of spatial data and use this to ask questions used in site suitability analysis.
What is topology?
How data can represent how everything is connected.
What are demographics?
It is the study of the social class, wealth and various other factors of populations of people.
What can we use demographic data for?
To decide what types of food to stock and how much they are going to sell the product for.
What are fragmentation’s?
It is where a habitat is broken up and could be due to human interactions.
Why is spatial data important?
In health and safety:
1) The spread of diseases
2) Important in transport planning safe routes to school
3) Important in flood modelling
