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G.I.S. > Thematic Mapping > Flashcards

Thematic Mapping Flashcards

1
Q

What are topographic maps a result of?

A

Land and air surveying. Primarily portraying topography (i.e. the configuration of the landscape).

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2
Q

What are topographic maps used for?

A

Engineering plans.

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3
Q

As well as a hard copy of a topographic map, what other form are they available in?

A

Available as databases.

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4
Q

How can topographic maps be presented?

A

Using GIS or CAD.

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5
Q

What does CAD stand for?

A

Computer-aided design.

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6
Q

Other than topographic name another type of map?

A

Thematic mapping.

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7
Q

What is a thematic map?

A

It is based on geographic distributions of a particular them, or relationship among a few selected themes such as population, rainfall, soil type etc.

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8
Q

Why is thematic mapping widespread?

A

1) Data availability
2) Powerful tool for visualising, analysis, decision making.
3) Easy to create within a GIS

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9
Q

What do we use qualitative data for?

A

To produce distribution maps such as points, paths and zones.

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10
Q

How can we produce categorical maps?

A

Using choropleth maps

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11
Q

What is special about choropleth maps?

A

Coloured in areas on a map.

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12
Q

What can we use a point distribution map for?

A

To represent all the bus stops in Tyne and Wear.

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13
Q

What can we use a path distribution map for?

A

All the A roads in and around Newcastle and Tyne and Wear,

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14
Q

When we download a backdrop from digimap what is the main purpose?

A

To display.

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15
Q

How can we make the thematic map more important that the context?

A

By reducing the transparency or brightness of the underlying contextual map or tuning into a grey scale image and toning it down so our thematic map is more important than the context.

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16
Q

What will it depend on when representing a set of values spatially?

A

The message you are trying to get across, the data you are starting with and the scale you are trying to represent the data.

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17
Q

How do you represent a set of value spatially?

A

Through a point density map or a dot density map where we assign a unit value to each of the dots.

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18
Q

When are point density maps effective?

A

When you have data that is stretched out of a large area as you get a good representation of the overall population density from this type of mapping.

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19
Q

What does dot mapping use?

A

Symbols with an assigned unit value. It uses the repetition principle.

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20
Q

What is the arrangement of the dots in dot mapping?

A

Can be regular or irregular arranged.

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21
Q

What is the disadvantage for a dot map?

A

Can be hard to interpret.

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22
Q

What are graduated symbols?

A

Where the size of the symbols varies, but categories (classes) devised.

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23
Q

What are proportional symbols?

A

Continuous variation, data measured as zero means no symbol.

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24
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a proportional symbol?

A

They are a more exact representation but hard to tell subtle differences.

25
Q

What are the advantages of a graduated symbol?

A

They are easier to distinguish one class to another depending on data.

26
Q

What is the problem with quantitative data?

A

You can only show one quantity.

27
Q

What can you create with quantitative data?

A

Cart-devised symbols- such as pie graphs, bar charts, stacks and they can all be 3D.

28
Q

What is necessary to represent on a map?

A

A copyright statement.

29
Q

Give an example of quantitative zonal mapping.

A

Isoline maps (surfaces).

30
Q

What can describe surfaces as in an Isoline map?

A

Continuous

31
Q

What is an Isoline similar to?

A

Contours

32
Q

What does an Isoline produce/use?

A

Chorisogram

33
Q

What is a choropleth map?

A

Imagine “stepped surface” of prisms defined by values for each unit area, where there is an implication of evenness in each area.

34
Q

What is the problem with choropleth maps?

A

Addressing the type of data and the areal boundaries.

35
Q

What do contour lines tell you?

A

The height above sea level.

36
Q

When do we use normalisation?

A

Used to manipulate data more sensibly (especially choropleth mapping).

37
Q

What is the phase when you classify quantitative data?

A

Binning

38
Q

What can you do within the classification setting?

A

Edit class boundaries, constant or variable, based on counts, values or statistical measures.

39
Q

What is the default for classifying quantitative data in ArcGIS?

A

Natural Breaks

40
Q

What is natural breaks made up of?

A

5 classes maximises the differences between classes.

41
Q

When is it good to use natural breaks?

A

When you have normally distributed data.

42
Q

What is equal interval?

A

Interval calculated by number classes.

43
Q

What is there an emphasis on withe equal interval?

A

The amount of an attribute value relative to other values.

44
Q

When is equal interval used?

A

It is applied with familiar data ranges such as percentages and temperature.

45
Q

What is quantile classification?

A

Each class contain an equal number of features.

46
Q

When do we use quantile classification?

A

Linear distributed data.

47
Q

How are features grouped in quantile classification?

A

By the number of classes in each class.

48
Q

Where can features with widely different value be put?

A

In the same class.

49
Q

How can you minimise distortion?

A

By increasing the number of classes.

50
Q

What does standard deviation show us?

A

How much a features attribute value varies from the mean.

51
Q

What helps us emphasis values above and below the mean?

A

A two-colour ramp.

52
Q

How are outlier in our data removed?

A

1) Through a definition query
2) Through creating permanent subset
3) Through exclusion

53
Q

What can manual classification do?

A

Adjust the boundaries anywhere you want.

54
Q

What is manual classification?

A

You can drag lines on a graph or type in numbers in break values.

55
Q

What should a value only belong to when thinking about legend presentation?

A

one class: 1-9, 10-19, 20-29, etc

56
Q

How can you add understanding when creating a legend?

A

Add supplementary map face text.

57
Q

Complete the phase “the more class the…….”

A

more uniform map appearance regardless of classification.

58
Q

What is the maximum number of class you would have on a map?

A

7

G.I.S. (7 decks)

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