Thematic Mapping

Question 1

What are topographic maps a result of?

Answer 1

Land and air surveying. Primarily portraying topography (i.e. the configuration of the landscape).

Question 2

What are topographic maps used for?

Answer 2

Engineering plans.

Question 3

As well as a hard copy of a topographic map, what other form are they available in?

Answer 3

Available as databases.

Question 4

How can topographic maps be presented?

Answer 4

Using GIS or CAD.

Question 5

What does CAD stand for?

Answer 5

Computer-aided design.

Question 6

Other than topographic name another type of map?

Answer 6

Thematic mapping.

Question 7

What is a thematic map?

Answer 7

It is based on geographic distributions of a particular them, or relationship among a few selected themes such as population, rainfall, soil type etc.

Question 8

Why is thematic mapping widespread?

Answer 8

1) Data availability
2) Powerful tool for visualising, analysis, decision making.
3) Easy to create within a GIS

Question 9

What do we use qualitative data for?

Answer 9

To produce distribution maps such as points, paths and zones.

Question 10

How can we produce categorical maps?

Answer 10

Using choropleth maps

Question 11

What is special about choropleth maps?

Answer 11

Coloured in areas on a map.

Question 12

What can we use a point distribution map for?

Answer 12

To represent all the bus stops in Tyne and Wear.

Question 13

What can we use a path distribution map for?

Answer 13

All the A roads in and around Newcastle and Tyne and Wear,

Question 14

When we download a backdrop from digimap what is the main purpose?

Answer 14

To display.

Question 15

How can we make the thematic map more important that the context?

Answer 15

By reducing the transparency or brightness of the underlying contextual map or tuning into a grey scale image and toning it down so our thematic map is more important than the context.

Question 16

What will it depend on when representing a set of values spatially?

Answer 16

The message you are trying to get across, the data you are starting with and the scale you are trying to represent the data.

Question 17

How do you represent a set of value spatially?

Answer 17

Through a point density map or a dot density map where we assign a unit value to each of the dots.

Question 18

When are point density maps effective?

Answer 18

When you have data that is stretched out of a large area as you get a good representation of the overall population density from this type of mapping.

Question 19

What does dot mapping use?

Answer 19

Symbols with an assigned unit value. It uses the repetition principle.

Question 20

What is the arrangement of the dots in dot mapping?

Answer 20

Can be regular or irregular arranged.

Question 21

What is the disadvantage for a dot map?

Answer 21

Can be hard to interpret.

Question 22

What are graduated symbols?

Answer 22

Where the size of the symbols varies, but categories (classes) devised.

Question 23

What are proportional symbols?

Answer 23

Continuous variation, data measured as zero means no symbol.

Question 24

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a proportional symbol?

Answer 24

They are a more exact representation but hard to tell subtle differences.

Question 25

What are the advantages of a graduated symbol?

Answer 25

They are easier to distinguish one class to another depending on data.

Question 26

What is the problem with quantitative data?

Answer 26

You can only show one quantity.

Question 27

What can you create with quantitative data?

Answer 27

Cart-devised symbols- such as pie graphs, bar charts, stacks and they can all be 3D.

Question 28

What is necessary to represent on a map?

Answer 28

A copyright statement.

Question 29

Give an example of quantitative zonal mapping.

Answer 29

Isoline maps (surfaces).

Question 30

What can describe surfaces as in an Isoline map?

Answer 30

Continuous

Question 31

What is an Isoline similar to?

Answer 31

Contours

Question 32

What does an Isoline produce/use?

Answer 32

Chorisogram

Question 33

What is a choropleth map?

Answer 33

Imagine "stepped surface" of prisms defined by values for each unit area, where there is an implication of evenness in each area.

Question 34

What is the problem with choropleth maps?

Answer 34

Addressing the type of data and the areal boundaries.

Question 35

What do contour lines tell you?

Answer 35

The height above sea level.

Question 36

When do we use normalisation?

Answer 36

Used to manipulate data more sensibly (especially choropleth mapping).

Question 37

What is the phase when you classify quantitative data?

Answer 37

Binning

Question 38

What can you do within the classification setting?

Answer 38

Edit class boundaries, constant or variable, based on counts, values or statistical measures.

Question 39

What is the default for classifying quantitative data in ArcGIS?

Answer 39

Natural Breaks

Question 40

What is natural breaks made up of?

Answer 40

5 classes maximises the differences between classes.

Question 41

When is it good to use natural breaks?

Answer 41

When you have normally distributed data.

Question 42

What is equal interval?

Answer 42

Interval calculated by number classes.

Question 43

What is there an emphasis on withe equal interval?

Answer 43

The amount of an attribute value relative to other values.

Question 44

When is equal interval used?

Answer 44

It is applied with familiar data ranges such as percentages and temperature.

Question 45

What is quantile classification?

Answer 45

Each class contain an equal number of features.

Question 46

When do we use quantile classification?

Answer 46

Linear distributed data.

Question 47

How are features grouped in quantile classification?

Answer 47

By the number of classes in each class.

Question 48

Where can features with widely different value be put?

Answer 48

In the same class.

Question 49

How can you minimise distortion?

Answer 49

By increasing the number of classes.

Question 50

What does standard deviation show us?

Answer 50

How much a features attribute value varies from the mean.

Question 51

What helps us emphasis values above and below the mean?

Answer 51

A two-colour ramp.

Question 52

How are outlier in our data removed?

Answer 52

1) Through a definition query 2) Through creating permanent subset 3) Through exclusion

Question 53

What can manual classification do?

Answer 53

Adjust the boundaries anywhere you want.

Question 54

What is manual classification?

Answer 54

You can drag lines on a graph or type in numbers in break values.

Question 55

What should a value only belong to when thinking about legend presentation?

Answer 55

one class: 1-9, 10-19, 20-29, etc

Question 56

How can you add understanding when creating a legend?

Answer 56

Add supplementary map face text.

Question 57

Complete the phase "the more class the......."

Answer 57

more uniform map appearance regardless of classification.

Question 58

What is the maximum number of class you would have on a map?

Answer 58

7