What Is Diabetes, Prevalence and Incidence Flashcards
Give some facts about type 1 diabetes:
- 10% of population mostly in childhood
- autoimmune disease: cells that produce insulin are destroyed
- lifelong treatment with insulin to prevent death
- develops at any age but before 40
- symptoms develop over days and weeks
Give some facts about type 2 diabetes:
- 90% cases
- body stops producing enough insulin or becomes resistant to the effect of insulin
- progressive
- lifestyle management
- oral medications (metamorfin) or injections
- can remain undetected
- obesity has an effect
- sx develop over months and years
When do symptoms for diabetes start to appear
When blood glucose levels aren’t controlled very well
Explain the symptoms of diabetes
- Urinating more
- feeling tired
- feeling thirsty
- feeling lightheaded/dizzy
- unexplained weight loss
- itching round the genitals
- cuts healing slow
- blurred vision
Which type of diabetes causes the symptoms to be acute
Type 1
How is blurred vision caused in diabetes?
As the blood glucose level increases, so also does the glucose content in the aqueous humor. Because glucose from the aqueous enters the lens by diffusion, glucose content in the lens will likewise be increased. Some of the glucose is converted to sorbitol, the sugar alcohol of glucose, by the enzyme aldose reductase. Sorbitol is metabolized slowly by the lens and accumulates in the lens cell cytoplasm. The resulting increase in osmotic pressure may cause an influx of water, which leads to swelling of the lens fibers changing the refractive power of the lens
How do nutrients enter the blood stream?
Via the intestine
How is energy produced in the cells?
Nutrients enter the blood stream via the intestine. Once in the bloodstream the glucose can be passed to the cells and when in the cells, the glucose is converted into atp which then breaks down in the cells to release energy to allow the cells to function
What cells regulate the blood glucose levels in the pancreas?
Islets of Langerhan
What is the function of islets of langerhan?
Secreting insulin
What is the function of insulin?
Stimulates glucose uptake and stores it as glycogen in the liver
What is glucagon?
Hormone produced by the pancreas which adds glucose to the blood
What happens when there’s low blood sugar levels?
when blood glucose levels are low, it stimulates the alpha cells in the pancreas to secrete glucagon.
That glucagon then stimulates the liver to break down the stored glycogen into glucose and the glucose is then released into the blood increasing the blood glucose levels returning them to normal.
What happens when there’s high blood sugar levels?
When blood glucose levels are high, it stimulates the beta cells in the pancreas to secrete insulin.
When insulin is released, glucose is transported into the liver and the insulin stimulates the glucose to be converted into glycogen.
The glycogen is then released into the blood which helps to lower the blood glucose levels to normal.
What treatment is used for type 2 diabetics?
Changes to diet, lifestyle and doing exercise.
Also using medications such as metformin
