Diabetic Retinopathy Flashcards
What age ranges does diabetic retinopathy occur?
20-74 years
Define diabetic retinopathy:
Chronic, progressive, sight-threatening disease of the retinal structure associated with hyperglycaemia and other conditions associated with dm like hypertension
What is a non-modifiable risk factor of diabetic retinopathy?
Ethnicity , gender, duration
Which ethnicity has most cases of diabetic retinopathy?
South East Asian
How many men have diabetes in the uk?
56%
How many women have diabetes in the U.K.?
44%
What is the percentage of type 2 diabetics having diabetic retinopathy?
30% at retinopathy diagnosis and this rises to 60% after 15 years
What is the percentage of type 1 diabetics that have diabetic retinopathy after 20 years?
90%
Explain a modifiable risk factor for diabetic retinopathy:
Glycaemia: association between control and progression of DR
blood pressure: similar signs -MA, haemorrhages
lipid levels
What is the prevalence of blood pressure in type 2 diabetics?
40% of type 2 which increases to 60% of over 75s
What proportion of type 1 diabetics have hypertension?
30% but is lower because this occurs earlier
What signs correlate with hypertension and diabetic retinopathy
Microaneurysms, haemorrhaging, cotton wool spots and hard exudates
How do you reduce the progression of diabetic retinopathy with blood pressure?
By controlling blood pressure e.g. with ace inhibitors and calcium channel blockers
What is the main reason to treat hypertension?
Reduce life threatning hypertensive complications such as cardiovascular disease and treat hypertension to reduce issues such as cardiac arrests
How is cholesterol managed?
With statins and can slow the progression of diabetic retinopathy
