What is critical thinking? M1

Question 1

To think critically is to:

Answer 1

analyze, assess, and reconstruct one’s own thinking in order to improve its quality.

Question 2

Critical thinking is characteristically:

Answer 2

self-directed
self-disciplined
self-monitored
self-corrective

Question 3

Stereotype

Answer 3

A fixed or oversimplified conception of a person, group, or idea.

Question 4

Egocentrism

Answer 4

The tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself and to regard one’s own opinion’s, values, or interests as most important.

Question 5

Sociocentrism

Answer 5

The assumption that one’s own social group is inherently superior to all others.

Question 6

A well-cultivated critical thinker:

Answer 6

Raises vital questions
Gathers and assesses relevant information
Reaches well-reasoned conclusions and solutions
Thinks open-mindedly
Communicates effectively with others

Question 7

First-order thinking

Answer 7

Ordinary thinking.

Question 8

Second-order thinking

Answer 8

Another term for critical thinking. It is first-order thinking (ordinary thinking) that is consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed or improved)

Question 9

Weak-sense critical thinking

Answer 9

Thinking that does not consider counter viewpoints, that lacks fair-mindedness and that uses critical thinking skills simply to defend current beliefs.

Question 10

Strong-sense critical thinking

Answer 10

Thinking that uses critical thinking skills to evaluate all beliefs, especially one’s own, and that pursues what is intellectually fair and just.

Question 11

Fair-mindedness

Answer 11

The commitment to consider all relevant opinions equally without regard to one’s own sentiments or selfish interests.

Question 12

Fallacies

Answer 12

Flaws or errors in reasoning which, when found in the premise of an argument, invalidate its conclusion.

Question 13

Intellectual cowardice

Answer 13

Fear of ideas or viewpoints that do not conform to one’s own. Term used by Paul and Elder.

Question 14

Intellectual empathy

Answer 14

The act of routinely inhabiting the perspectives of others in order to genuinely understand them. Term used by Paul and Elder.

Question 15

Intellectual humility

Answer 15

Openness to the possibility that one’s beliefs are mistaken and a willingness to reevaluate them in the face of new evidence or persuasive counterarguments.

Question 16

Intellectual perseverance

Answer 16

The act of working one’s way through intellectual complexities despite frustrations inherent in doing so.

Question 17

Sophistry

Answer 17

The ability to win an argument regardless of flaws in its reasoning.

Question 18

intellectual autonomy

Answer 18

The ability to reconstruct others’ viewpoints.

Question 19

intellectual integrity

Answer 19

To admit flaws in one’s own thinking

Question 20

Traits of a Critical Thinker

Answer 20

Intellectual humility
Intellectual courage
Intellectual empathy
Intellectual integrity
Intellectual perseverance
Confidence in reason
Intellectual autonomy

Question 21

Elements of Reasoning

Answer 21

• Purposes
• Questions
• Assumptions
• Implications
• Information
• Concepts
• Inferences
• Points of view