What is a Land Plant? Topic 1 Flashcards
What is a phylum?
A principal taxonomic category above class but below kingdom
What does photosynthesis do?
Ability to fix carbon to tissue from H2O and CO2 using energy (make sugars)
Embryophyte
Land Plant; any photosynthetic eukaryote that can survive and reproduce on land
Embryo
Multicellular organism derived through mitosis from a zygote
Archegonia
Female gametophyte
Antheridia
Male gametophyte
Monophyletic
Evolutionary unit inherited from 1 common ancestor
Cladistics
most widely accepted method of estimating phylogenies
Cladograms
dichotomously branching diagrams built from a series of nested clades
Clade
Monophyletic group of organisms that includes common ancestor and decendants
Symplesiomorphy
Shared ancestrial traits
Synapomorphy
Shared derived traits (homologous); used to derive clades
Homologies
Similar traits present in an organism decent from common ancestor
Homoplasy (analogy)
Similar traits due to convergent evolution
Sister groups
Closest relatives to a given group with in a cladogram
How many phylum are there?
Ten
Of the ten phylum, which are the nonvascular?
Hornworts (Anthoceratophyta), mosses (Bryophyta), and liverworts (Marchantiophyla)
What is the sister group of the 10 phylum?
Green algae (Zygnematales)
Branches
Populations or lineages moving through time
Nodes
Points at which lineages separate. At each node, population continues to evolve and acquire new and different traits.
Character/trait
Any lineage will have traits inherited from a common ancestor (ancestral traits) and derived traits
What of the 10 phylum are vascular plants?
Club/spike mosses, (Lycophyta), Ferns (Monilophyla), Cycads, Ginkgo, Gnetophytes, Confiers (Coniferophyta), and flowering plants (Anthophyta)
Other terms for VP (vascular plants)
Tracheophytes or Polysporangiophytes
Monophyletic
Ancestor + all descendants
