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BIOL 2280 - Land Plants > What is a Land Plant? Topic 1 > Flashcards

What is a Land Plant? Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a phylum?

A

A principal taxonomic category above class but below kingdom

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2
Q

What does photosynthesis do?

A

Ability to fix carbon to tissue from H2O and CO2 using energy (make sugars)

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3
Q

Embryophyte

A

Land Plant; any photosynthetic eukaryote that can survive and reproduce on land

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4
Q

Embryo

A

Multicellular organism derived through mitosis from a zygote

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5
Q

Archegonia

A

Female gametophyte

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6
Q

Antheridia

A

Male gametophyte

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7
Q

Monophyletic

A

Evolutionary unit inherited from 1 common ancestor

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8
Q

Cladistics

A

most widely accepted method of estimating phylogenies

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9
Q

Cladograms

A

dichotomously branching diagrams built from a series of nested clades

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10
Q

Clade

A

Monophyletic group of organisms that includes common ancestor and decendants

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11
Q

Symplesiomorphy

A

Shared ancestrial traits

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12
Q

Synapomorphy

A

Shared derived traits (homologous); used to derive clades

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13
Q

Homologies

A

Similar traits present in an organism decent from common ancestor

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14
Q

Homoplasy (analogy)

A

Similar traits due to convergent evolution

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15
Q

Sister groups

A

Closest relatives to a given group with in a cladogram

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16
Q

How many phylum are there?

A

Ten

17
Q

Of the ten phylum, which are the nonvascular?

A

Hornworts (Anthoceratophyta), mosses (Bryophyta), and liverworts (Marchantiophyla)

18
Q

What is the sister group of the 10 phylum?

A

Green algae (Zygnematales)

19
Q

Branches

A

Populations or lineages moving through time

20
Q

Nodes

A

Points at which lineages separate. At each node, population continues to evolve and acquire new and different traits.

21
Q

Character/trait

A

Any lineage will have traits inherited from a common ancestor (ancestral traits) and derived traits

22
Q

What of the 10 phylum are vascular plants?

A

Club/spike mosses, (Lycophyta), Ferns (Monilophyla), Cycads, Ginkgo, Gnetophytes, Confiers (Coniferophyta), and flowering plants (Anthophyta)

23
Q

Other terms for VP (vascular plants)

A

Tracheophytes or Polysporangiophytes

24
Q

Monophyletic

A

Ancestor + all descendants

25
Q

Paraphyletic

A

Missing descendants but have CA

26
Q

Polyphyletic

A

Missing common ancestor (succulents)

27
Q

Sa/vol ratio animal vs. plant

A

A: low
P: high (photosynthesis)

28
Q

Symmetry animals vs. plant

A

A: bilateral
P: radial

29
Q

Polarities animal vs. plant

A

A: 2 anterior/posterior
dorsal/ventral
P: 1 top/bottom

30
Q

Growth animal vs. plant

A

A: determinant (structure is in DNA)
P: indeterminate (where is the sunlight); but flowers and leaves are determinant

31
Q

Efficiency animals vs. plants

A

A: 30%
P: 3%

BIOL 2280 - Land Plants (2 decks)

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