Unique Structure of Plant Cells - Topic 2

Question 1

How did chloroplast originate?

Answer 1

Bacteria

Question 2

Tonoplast

Answer 2

Vacuole membrane; permeable to H2O

Question 3

Cell sap

Answer 3

Solution in vacuole, H2O rich and some other solutes present

Question 4

Cell

Answer 4

Protoplasm + cell wall

Question 5

Protoplast

Answer 5

Collective protoplasm throughout the plant body excluding cell wall (move stuff from 1 cell to the next; attached)

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Living party of cell excluding nucleus

Question 7

Cytosol

Answer 7

Matric of cytoplasm in which the organelles are suspended, N rich

Question 8

Which organelles are unique to plants?

Answer 8

1. plastids (chloroplasts)
2. vacuole
3. cell wall
4. plasmodismata

Question 9

Plastid

Answer 9

General term of a group of organelles.
All have double membranes, circular DNA that replicates independently and all are descendants of cyanobacteria

Question 10

Carotenoids

Answer 10

carotenes - reflect orange
xanthophylls - reflect yellow

Question 11

Chloroplast

Answer 11

Pigments embedded in chlorophyll a, b (reflect green)
Change orientation based on amount of light

Question 12

Chromoplasts

Answer 12

Lack chlorophyll, rich in carotenoids - abundant in fruit, flowers and roots

Question 13

Leucoplasts

Answer 13

Colourless, used for storage. Has amyloplasts and elaioplasts.

Question 14

Amyloplasts

Answer 14

store starch (roots or other underground structures), stores E

Question 15

Elaioplasts

Answer 15

Store lipids (seeds and anthers), oil-rich bodies, lots of E

Question 16

Proplastid (embryonic plastid) that gets little light becomes what?

Answer 16

Etioplasts, which is a light deprived chloroplast in suspension

Question 17

Vacuoles

Answer 17

Tonoplast and cell sap. 90% of cell volume. Contributes to cell growth and rigidity (turgor pressure), storage and digestion (toxic waster, excess Ca, proteins, lipids, starch and sugars, pigments, secondary metabolites)