What Is...

Question 1

A paradigm?

Answer 1

A perspective or viewpoint adopted, quantitative or qualitative.

Question 2

Research?

Answer 2

Systematic enquiry for new knowledge (or to validate or refine knowledge)

Question 3

Methodology?

Answer 3

The approach adopted for a study.

Question 4

Approach?

Answer 4

The types of research within the perspectives - experimental/ethnography.

Question 5

Method?

Answer 5

The tools and techniques used to undertake the study.

Question 6

The design?

Answer 6

The research plan, what is done, and when.

Question 7

Meta-analysis?

Answer 7

Quantitative research combined to give larger studies

Question 8

Meta-synthesis?

Answer 8

Qualitative research synthesised together.

Question 9

Accidental/convenience sampling?

Answer 9

Using most readily available subjects

Question 10

Cluster sampling?

Answer 10

Large groups (nursing schools) followed by smaller units (nursing students)

Question 11

A chi-squared test?

Answer 11

Non parametric
Test differences in proportions
Independent and dependent variables are nominal level variables
Symbolised as X2

Question 12

N ?

Answer 12

Total number of subjects in a study.

Question 13

The difference btw a probability and non-probability sample?

Answer 13

Open to all / randomly chosen

As opposed to chosen who takes part

Question 14

Temporal effect?

Answer 14

An effect which takes place over a period of time.

Question 15

A hypothesis?

Answer 15

A supposition or proposed explanation

Question 16

The difference between internal and external validity?

Answer 16

Internal is whether it is a suitable test of the hypothesis

External is whether the study can be generalised beyond the immediate sample size

Question 17

Descriptive statistics

Answer 17

Calculations, graphs, charts, tables, range, frequency and distribution

Question 18

Inferential statistics

Answer 18

Make a summary

Probabilities - p value

Question 19

Mean
Median
Mode

Answer 19

Mean average
Median
Middle
Mode most common

Question 20

Range?

Answer 20

The difference btw largest observation of data set and the smallest - extreme values.

Question 21

Standard deviation

Answer 21

Mean from each difference reported observation

Question 22

Per-protocol

Answer 22

Only analyse those that have completed

Question 23

Intention to treat

Answer 23

Analyse everyone despite whether they completed or not. You consider why they dropped out.