What exists? How do we know? Flashcards
Realsim & Anti-Realism
What are the two approaches to reality?
realism - mind is a product of reality
anti-realism - reality is a product of mind
Realsim & Anti-Realism
Who established the realism view?
Aristotle
Realsim & Anti-Realism
Who established the anti-realism view?
Protagoras
Realsim & Anti-Realism
What are the three types of judgements?
value - “goodness”/value
virtue - virtues/vices
obligation - actions/conduct
Realsim & Anti-Realism
What are the four types of standards?
aesthetic (value) - based on artistic value/personal preference
prudential (virtue) - based on standard
legal (obligation) - based on laws
moral (obligation) - based on moral standard
Plato’s Forms
What is the divided line?
describes the visible and intellectual realm
visible - imagination, belief
intellectual - understandning, knowledge
idea -> beief -> understanding -> fact
Plato’s Forms
What is Plato’s Cave Allegory?
a descriptive way of explaining the divided line
shadows - unquestioning acceptance
diagrams - common sense of visible objects/moral teachings
objects - thinking
light - forms/ideas
Plato’s Forms
What does the Cave Allegory teach?
most people are content with illusory shadows
seeking facts is difficult/painful
finding truth in itself is fulfilling; ultimate truth will likely be rejected by those content with shadows
Plato’s Forms
What are Plato’s Forms?
universals exist in the mind & forms exist in a higher plane of reality
stability is given to material things by participating in the forms
forms -> internet / universals -> storage
form is NOT dependent on matter
Plato’s Forms
How do we know the Forms?
through recollection
- everyone is an eternal soul
- the souls contemplated the Forms before birth
- everyone “forgets” knowledge of the Forms at birth
- learning is just recollection of what was forgotten
pursuit of knowledge is an attempt to return to the Forms
returning to the realm of Forms is the ideal destination for souls
Aristotle’s Categories & Hylomorphism
What are Aristotle’s views on the Forms?
universals are real, but exist IN particulars over some seperate realm
Hanoko (particular) is a koi (universal)
Aristotle’s Categories & Hylomorphism
What are primary and secondary substances?
primary - specific subject, particular
secondary - category, universal
primary = Hanoko, Aristotle, Rin
secondary = Greek, human, animal
Aristotle’s Categories & Hylomorphism
Give an example of substance.
from the categories
the horse, Socrates, tables and chairs
Aristotle’s Categories & Hylomorphism
Give an example of quantity.
from the categories
12 inches, 50 mph, 17 lbs
Aristotle’s Categories & Hylomorphism
Give an example of quality.
from the categories
white, great, logical
