What does globalisation mean? Flashcards
1) What does the term globalisation mean?
1) How people and places are more connected with one another than they used to be.
1) What is economic globalisation?
1) > More TNCs which increase cross-border exchanges of raw materials, components, manufactured goods and purchasing.
> ICT allows for complex spatial divisions - creating an international economy.
> Online purchases can be made using platforms like Amazon.
1) What is social globalisation?
1) > International immigration has created extensive family networks.
> There have been global improvements in education and health.
> Social interconnectivity thanks to mobile phones and e-mail.
1) What is cultural globalisation?
1) > Americanisation and McDonaldisation of tastes and fashion.
> Glocalisation and hybridisation happen when local cultures
merge with global influences.
> Circulation of ideas has increased due to 24-hour reporting, and
also platforms such as Twitter and Facebook.
1) What is political globalisation?
1) > Trading blocs allow TNCs to buy firms in neighbouring countries.
Also allow for reduced trade restrictions and tariffs.
> Global concerns such as free trade, credit crunch and the
response to the 2011 Japanese tsunami.
> World Bank, IMF and the WTO work to harmonise international
economies.
1) How does post-1940s globalisation differ from the global economy which preceded it?
1) > Lengthening of connections: water brought to the UK from Fiji.
> Deepening of connections: Connected to other people and places through the products we consume.
> Faster Connections: People can Skype and travel between continents using jet aircraft.
1) What is cultural homogenisation?
1) The manner in which cultural globalisation leads to a reduction in cultural diversity.
1) What is the mobile phone revolution in Africa?
1) In 2005, 6% of Africans owned a mobile phone, in comparison to 2015, when this had risen to 70%, thanks to falling prices and the growth of companies such as Kenya’s Safaricom.
1) What is the mobile phone revolution in Asia?
1) In India, over 1 billion people are mobile subscribers.
1) What is M-Pesa, and who created it?
1) It is a mobile phone service, created by Safaricom in 2007, which allows credit to be transferred between phone users.
1) How has M-Pesa revolutionised businesses and life for Kenyan individuals?
1) > One-third of the country’s GDP is sent through the M-Pesa system annually.
> People in towns can use mobiles to pay for utilities and school fees.
> In rural areas, fishermen and farmers use mobiles to check market prices before selling produce.
> Women in rural areas can secure microloans from development banks, by using M-Pesa bills as proof of a good credit score. The ability to borrow is lifting rural families out of poverty.
