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General Pathology > What Do We Examine In Different Organs > Flashcards

What Do We Examine In Different Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Skin and fur

A

colour, pigmentation, soundness, continuity shortage (is it fresh or not, where it is, shape, size, length, width, depht, quality, base), grooming, contamination, ectoparasites, furless regions, etc.

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2
Q

Feet

A

soundness, state of epidermoid formulas (difference of shape, wounds)

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3
Q

oral cavity

A

colour, soundness, moist content

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4
Q

teeth

A

change of teeth/shedding (age determination), soundness, dental abrasion abnormality, lack of teeth, tartar, state of gingiva

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5
Q

nostrils

A

contamination, state of mucose membrane

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6
Q

ears

A

contamination, soundness of skin, quantity of cerumen/exsudate

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7
Q

eye

A

closure of palpebral fissure, state of palpebrae, openability of palpebrae, conjuntiva (colour, wrinkles, moistiness), cornea (transparency, soundness), sclera (colour), pupil (shape, size), iris (colour), palpation of the eyeball, location of eyeball

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8
Q

anus

A

state of anal ring, openness, environment, permeability

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9
Q

genitals

A

contamination, state of mucose membrane

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10
Q

(Mucose membranes in general)

A

colour, soundness, moist content, wrinkles

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11
Q

Navel

A

dried, inflammatory processes

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12
Q

Subcutaneous connective tissue

A

colour, fat infiltration, soundness

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13
Q

Blood

A

colour, clotting, hiding power

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14
Q

Lymph nodes

A

shape, size, colour, consistency, moveability in environment, cutsurface (CS): colour, structure, moist content

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15
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

muscle development of the body, colour, structure, moist content, tearability

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16
Q

Abdomen

A

state and palpation of abdominal wall, after opening: location of abdominal organs, free content of the cavity (quantity, quality), peritoneum

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17
Q

Spleen

A

shape, size, colour, capsule, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moist content, scraping of pulp

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18
Q

Bileduct

A

permeaiblity (should be permeable)

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19
Q

Stomach

A

shape, fullness, content: quantity, quality, colour, consistency, foreign bodies, mucose membrane (separately the fundus, pylorus and cardia region): colour, folds, soundness, folds can be smoothen or not, thickness, smell, cardial lymph node

20
Q

Intestines

A

fullness, content: quantity, qulaity, colour, consistency, mucose membrane: colour, wrinkles, soundness, Peyer’s patches, mesenterial lymph nodes

21
Q

Liver

A

shape, size, colour, capsule, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moist content, tearability, portal lymph node

22
Q

Gallbladder

A

fullness, quantity of bile, colour, consistency, thickness of wall

23
Q

Pancreas

A

shape, size, colour, lobules, consistency, CS: colour, moist content

24
Q

Kidney

A

shape, size, colour, surface, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moist content, pelvis, tearability of cortex, moveability of capsule

25
Q

Adrenal gland

A

shape, size, colour, consistency, CS: colour, structure

26
Q

Urinary bladder

A

shape, fullness, quantity and quality of urine, colour, consistency, uroliths, mucose membrane: colour, soundness, thickness

27
Q

Genitals

A

Male: testes (location, shape, sizem consistency, CS: colour, structure, moist content), mucose membrane of prepuce, pathologic content, mucose membrane of penis, funiculus, accessory sex glands
Female: state of vulva, location of uterus, mucose membrane of vagina and uterus, content of uteral cavity (quantity, quality), ovaries: shape, size, follicules, corpora lutea

28
Q

Thorax

A

shape, state of diaphragm, free content of cavity, parietal and visceral layers of pleura, location of thoracic organs

29
Q

Tongue

A

shape, size, colour, mucose membrane, consistency, CS

30
Q

Pharynx

A

content, mucose membrane, tonsils, orifice of esophagus and larynx

31
Q

Esophagus

A

mucose membrane, contetn, width of lumen

32
Q

Larynx

A

laryngeal opening, mucose membrane, muscles, vocal cords, content

33
Q

Trachea

A

state of cartilages, content, mucose membrane

34
Q

Laryngeal and cervical lymph nodes

A

shape, size, colour, consistency, moveability in environment, cutsurface (CS): colour, structure, moist content

35
Q

Thyroid gland

A

shape, size, CS

36
Q

Lungs

A

shape, size, surfacem colour, pleura, superficial and deep palpation, crepitation when cut, CS: colour, moist content, airbubbles in fluid, parabronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes

37
Q

Bronchi

A

content, mucose membrane, wall

38
Q

Heart

A

state of pericardium (soundness, transparency, fat infiltration, content), shape of heart, size (circumference, longitudinal size), state of epicardium, state of coronary and longitudinal sulci, coronary vessles, width of ventricles, width of orifice of aorta and pulmonary trunc, valves (semilunar, bi- and tricuspid): soundness, thickness, free edge, retractability, thickness of heart muscle, papillary muscles, state of chordae tendinae, endocardium, myocardium (colour, structure, moist content, tearability)

39
Q

Nasal cavity

A

shape and size of conchae, mucose membranes, width of nasal cavity (both sides), choanae, septum

40
Q

Brain

A

shape of bregma, thickness and structure of skull, state of periosteum and dura mater, weight of brain, height of gyri, depth of sulci, state of meninges, shape of brain, content of chambers (quantity, quality), state of ependyma, lesions in parenchyma of brain

41
Q

Spinal cord

A

state of vertebrae, dura mater, subdural fluid (quantity, quality), shape deformities of spinal cord, lesions in parenchyma

42
Q

Bone

A

periosteum, shape, consistency, moveability, soundness, CS: cortical and spongious substances, bone marrow, epiphyseal cartilage in young animals, calcification zone

43
Q

Joint

A

shape (compared with other side), consistency, moveability, content of joint cavity (quantity, quality), surface of cartilages, state of joint capsule’s synovial and fibrous layer

44
Q

Tendon

A

ladder, length, tightness, consistency, CS: structure

45
Q

Middle and internal ear

A

mucose membrane, content

46
Q

Mammary gland/udder

A

shape, size, skin on surface, regional lymph nodes, state of nipples (consistency, orifice of lactating duct, wounds, developmental anomalies), mucose membrane of pelvis and lactating duct, consistency of mammary gland, CS: colour, structure, moist content

General Pathology (3 decks)

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