What Do We Examine In Different Organs

Question 1

Skin and fur

Answer 1

colour, pigmentation, soundness, continuity shortage (is it fresh or not, where it is, shape, size, length, width, depht, quality, base), grooming, contamination, ectoparasites, furless regions, etc.

Question 2

Feet

Answer 2

soundness, state of epidermoid formulas (difference of shape, wounds)

Question 3

oral cavity

Answer 3

colour, soundness, moist content

Question 4

teeth

Answer 4

change of teeth/shedding (age determination), soundness, dental abrasion abnormality, lack of teeth, tartar, state of gingiva

Question 5

nostrils

Answer 5

contamination, state of mucose membrane

Question 6

ears

Answer 6

contamination, soundness of skin, quantity of cerumen/exsudate

Question 7

eye

Answer 7

closure of palpebral fissure, state of palpebrae, openability of palpebrae, conjuntiva (colour, wrinkles, moistiness), cornea (transparency, soundness), sclera (colour), pupil (shape, size), iris (colour), palpation of the eyeball, location of eyeball

Question 8

anus

Answer 8

state of anal ring, openness, environment, permeability

Question 9

genitals

Answer 9

contamination, state of mucose membrane

Question 10

(Mucose membranes in general)

Answer 10

colour, soundness, moist content, wrinkles

Question 11

Navel

Answer 11

dried, inflammatory processes

Question 12

Subcutaneous connective tissue

Answer 12

colour, fat infiltration, soundness

Question 13

Blood

Answer 13

colour, clotting, hiding power

Question 14

Lymph nodes

Answer 14

shape, size, colour, consistency, moveability in environment, cutsurface (CS): colour, structure, moist content

Question 15

Skeletal muscle

Answer 15

muscle development of the body, colour, structure, moist content, tearability

Question 16

Abdomen

Answer 16

state and palpation of abdominal wall, after opening: location of abdominal organs, free content of the cavity (quantity, quality), peritoneum

Question 17

Spleen

Answer 17

shape, size, colour, capsule, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moist content, scraping of pulp

Question 18

Bileduct

Answer 18

permeaiblity (should be permeable)

Question 19

Stomach

Answer 19

shape, fullness, content: quantity, quality, colour, consistency, foreign bodies, mucose membrane (separately the fundus, pylorus and cardia region): colour, folds, soundness, folds can be smoothen or not, thickness, smell, cardial lymph node

Question 20

Intestines

Answer 20

fullness, content: quantity, qulaity, colour, consistency, mucose membrane: colour, wrinkles, soundness, Peyer’s patches, mesenterial lymph nodes

Question 21

Liver

Answer 21

shape, size, colour, capsule, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moist content, tearability, portal lymph node

Question 22

Gallbladder

Answer 22

fullness, quantity of bile, colour, consistency, thickness of wall

Question 23

Pancreas

Answer 23

shape, size, colour, lobules, consistency, CS: colour, moist content

Question 24

Kidney

Answer 24

shape, size, colour, surface, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moist content, pelvis, tearability of cortex, moveability of capsule

Question 25

Adrenal gland

Answer 25

shape, size, colour, consistency, CS: colour, structure

Question 26

Urinary bladder

Answer 26

shape, fullness, quantity and quality of urine, colour, consistency, uroliths, mucose membrane: colour, soundness, thickness

Question 27

Genitals

Answer 27

Male: testes (location, shape, sizem consistency, CS: colour, structure, moist content), mucose membrane of prepuce, pathologic content, mucose membrane of penis, funiculus, accessory sex glands Female: state of vulva, location of uterus, mucose membrane of vagina and uterus, content of uteral cavity (quantity, quality), ovaries: shape, size, follicules, corpora lutea

Question 28

Thorax

Answer 28

shape, state of diaphragm, free content of cavity, parietal and visceral layers of pleura, location of thoracic organs

Question 29

Tongue

Answer 29

shape, size, colour, mucose membrane, consistency, CS

Question 30

Pharynx

Answer 30

content, mucose membrane, tonsils, orifice of esophagus and larynx

Question 31

Esophagus

Answer 31

mucose membrane, contetn, width of lumen

Question 32

Larynx

Answer 32

laryngeal opening, mucose membrane, muscles, vocal cords, content

Question 33

Trachea

Answer 33

state of cartilages, content, mucose membrane

Question 34

Laryngeal and cervical lymph nodes

Answer 34

shape, size, colour, consistency, moveability in environment, cutsurface (CS): colour, structure, moist content

Question 35

Thyroid gland

Answer 35

shape, size, CS

Question 36

Lungs

Answer 36

shape, size, surfacem colour, pleura, superficial and deep palpation, crepitation when cut, CS: colour, moist content, airbubbles in fluid, parabronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes

Question 37

Bronchi

Answer 37

content, mucose membrane, wall

Question 38

Heart

Answer 38

state of pericardium (soundness, transparency, fat infiltration, content), shape of heart, size (circumference, longitudinal size), state of epicardium, state of coronary and longitudinal sulci, coronary vessles, width of ventricles, width of orifice of aorta and pulmonary trunc, valves (semilunar, bi- and tricuspid): soundness, thickness, free edge, retractability, thickness of heart muscle, papillary muscles, state of chordae tendinae, endocardium, myocardium (colour, structure, moist content, tearability)

Question 39

Nasal cavity

Answer 39

shape and size of conchae, mucose membranes, width of nasal cavity (both sides), choanae, septum

Question 40

Brain

Answer 40

shape of bregma, thickness and structure of skull, state of periosteum and dura mater, weight of brain, height of gyri, depth of sulci, state of meninges, shape of brain, content of chambers (quantity, quality), state of ependyma, lesions in parenchyma of brain

Question 41

Spinal cord

Answer 41

state of vertebrae, dura mater, subdural fluid (quantity, quality), shape deformities of spinal cord, lesions in parenchyma

Question 42

Bone

Answer 42

periosteum, shape, consistency, moveability, soundness, CS: cortical and spongious substances, bone marrow, epiphyseal cartilage in young animals, calcification zone

Question 43

Joint

Answer 43

shape (compared with other side), consistency, moveability, content of joint cavity (quantity, quality), surface of cartilages, state of joint capsule’s synovial and fibrous layer

Question 44

Tendon

Answer 44

ladder, length, tightness, consistency, CS: structure

Question 45

Middle and internal ear

Answer 45

mucose membrane, content

Question 46

Mammary gland/udder

Answer 46

shape, size, skin on surface, regional lymph nodes, state of nipples (consistency, orifice of lactating duct, wounds, developmental anomalies), mucose membrane of pelvis and lactating duct, consistency of mammary gland, CS: colour, structure, moist content