What Do We Examine In Different Organs Flashcards
Skin and fur
colour, pigmentation, soundness, continuity shortage (is it fresh or not, where it is, shape, size, length, width, depht, quality, base), grooming, contamination, ectoparasites, furless regions, etc.
Feet
soundness, state of epidermoid formulas (difference of shape, wounds)
oral cavity
colour, soundness, moist content
teeth
change of teeth/shedding (age determination), soundness, dental abrasion abnormality, lack of teeth, tartar, state of gingiva
nostrils
contamination, state of mucose membrane
ears
contamination, soundness of skin, quantity of cerumen/exsudate
eye
closure of palpebral fissure, state of palpebrae, openability of palpebrae, conjuntiva (colour, wrinkles, moistiness), cornea (transparency, soundness), sclera (colour), pupil (shape, size), iris (colour), palpation of the eyeball, location of eyeball
anus
state of anal ring, openness, environment, permeability
genitals
contamination, state of mucose membrane
(Mucose membranes in general)
colour, soundness, moist content, wrinkles
Navel
dried, inflammatory processes
Subcutaneous connective tissue
colour, fat infiltration, soundness
Blood
colour, clotting, hiding power
Lymph nodes
shape, size, colour, consistency, moveability in environment, cutsurface (CS): colour, structure, moist content
Skeletal muscle
muscle development of the body, colour, structure, moist content, tearability
Abdomen
state and palpation of abdominal wall, after opening: location of abdominal organs, free content of the cavity (quantity, quality), peritoneum
Spleen
shape, size, colour, capsule, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moist content, scraping of pulp
Bileduct
permeaiblity (should be permeable)
Stomach
shape, fullness, content: quantity, quality, colour, consistency, foreign bodies, mucose membrane (separately the fundus, pylorus and cardia region): colour, folds, soundness, folds can be smoothen or not, thickness, smell, cardial lymph node
Intestines
fullness, content: quantity, qulaity, colour, consistency, mucose membrane: colour, wrinkles, soundness, Peyer’s patches, mesenterial lymph nodes
Liver
shape, size, colour, capsule, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moist content, tearability, portal lymph node
Gallbladder
fullness, quantity of bile, colour, consistency, thickness of wall
Pancreas
shape, size, colour, lobules, consistency, CS: colour, moist content
Kidney
shape, size, colour, surface, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moist content, pelvis, tearability of cortex, moveability of capsule
Adrenal gland
shape, size, colour, consistency, CS: colour, structure
Urinary bladder
shape, fullness, quantity and quality of urine, colour, consistency, uroliths, mucose membrane: colour, soundness, thickness
Genitals
Male: testes (location, shape, sizem consistency, CS: colour, structure, moist content), mucose membrane of prepuce, pathologic content, mucose membrane of penis, funiculus, accessory sex glands
Female: state of vulva, location of uterus, mucose membrane of vagina and uterus, content of uteral cavity (quantity, quality), ovaries: shape, size, follicules, corpora lutea
Thorax
shape, state of diaphragm, free content of cavity, parietal and visceral layers of pleura, location of thoracic organs
Tongue
shape, size, colour, mucose membrane, consistency, CS
Pharynx
content, mucose membrane, tonsils, orifice of esophagus and larynx
Esophagus
mucose membrane, contetn, width of lumen
Larynx
laryngeal opening, mucose membrane, muscles, vocal cords, content
Trachea
state of cartilages, content, mucose membrane
Laryngeal and cervical lymph nodes
shape, size, colour, consistency, moveability in environment, cutsurface (CS): colour, structure, moist content
Thyroid gland
shape, size, CS
Lungs
shape, size, surfacem colour, pleura, superficial and deep palpation, crepitation when cut, CS: colour, moist content, airbubbles in fluid, parabronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes
Bronchi
content, mucose membrane, wall
Heart
state of pericardium (soundness, transparency, fat infiltration, content), shape of heart, size (circumference, longitudinal size), state of epicardium, state of coronary and longitudinal sulci, coronary vessles, width of ventricles, width of orifice of aorta and pulmonary trunc, valves (semilunar, bi- and tricuspid): soundness, thickness, free edge, retractability, thickness of heart muscle, papillary muscles, state of chordae tendinae, endocardium, myocardium (colour, structure, moist content, tearability)
Nasal cavity
shape and size of conchae, mucose membranes, width of nasal cavity (both sides), choanae, septum
Brain
shape of bregma, thickness and structure of skull, state of periosteum and dura mater, weight of brain, height of gyri, depth of sulci, state of meninges, shape of brain, content of chambers (quantity, quality), state of ependyma, lesions in parenchyma of brain
Spinal cord
state of vertebrae, dura mater, subdural fluid (quantity, quality), shape deformities of spinal cord, lesions in parenchyma
Bone
periosteum, shape, consistency, moveability, soundness, CS: cortical and spongious substances, bone marrow, epiphyseal cartilage in young animals, calcification zone
Joint
shape (compared with other side), consistency, moveability, content of joint cavity (quantity, quality), surface of cartilages, state of joint capsule’s synovial and fibrous layer
Tendon
ladder, length, tightness, consistency, CS: structure
Middle and internal ear
mucose membrane, content
Mammary gland/udder
shape, size, skin on surface, regional lymph nodes, state of nipples (consistency, orifice of lactating duct, wounds, developmental anomalies), mucose membrane of pelvis and lactating duct, consistency of mammary gland, CS: colour, structure, moist content
