What Causes us to Hold Bias Against Outgroups?

Question 1

During the selective ___________ part of the perception process, Richard pays closer attention to cues that are valuable in his culture.

Answer 1

attention

Question 2

Mai experiences her culture as the only good one, viewing her world as “superior” and other cultures as “inferior.” According to the development model of intercultural sensitivity, Mai is in which state of ethnocentrism?

Answer 2

Defense against cultural difference

Question 3

As a minority group member, when Naomi interacts with members of the dominant ethnic group in her culture, she is asked insensitive questions and is spoken to very slowly. She is experiencing the degree of ethnocentrism called the distance of ____________.

Answer 3

indifference

Question 4

In _______ stereotyping, we assume that the categories we have been using are merely “first best guesses” rather than definitive answers.

Answer 4

mindful

Question 5

Samantha did well on an exam but got a poor grade on her written paper. She tended to remember her paper grade as she focused on her failures more than her successes. Which attribution bias does this reflect?

Answer 5

Self-effacement bias

Question 6

The fundamental attribution error includes the explanation that we tend to _________ negative personality factors in explaining a stranger’s negative event and _________ situational factors.

Answer 6

overestimate; underestimate

Question 7

According to the stereotype content model, “perception of warmth” is based on if we perceive there is/are _________________ between our culture and another culture.

Answer 7

competition or cooperation

Question 8

Much of Jay’s prejudice toward a particular minority group in his culture involves seeing himself as a victim and blaming the minority group for taking all the jobs. This illustrates which theory or approach to prejudice?

Answer 8

Scapegoating theory

Question 9

During the post–Civil War era in the United States, government institutions promoted a policy whereby only those who owned land or were literate could vote, thereby negating the chances for newly freed slaves to vote and continuing their plight. To which theory or approach to the development of prejudice does this explanation relate?

Answer 9

Structural approach

Question 10

Irving feels great hostility toward members of other fraternity groups at his university and feels great loyalty toward his fraternity. He is _________ because he has negative feelings toward outgroups, but he is not ________.

Answer 10

prejudiced; racist